1. Risks and Hazards to Consider Unit 3

2. Visual 3.1 Unit 3 Overview This unit describes:  The importance of identifying and analyzing possible hazards that could occur at an event  The risks and vulnerabilities associated with each hazard

3. Visual 3.2 Unit Objectives At the conclusion of this unit, participants will be able to:  Identify hazards that are most likely to affect special events  Identify the risks presented by the hazards

4. Visual 3.3 Unit Objectives (cont.)  Identify strategies for overcoming and minimizing risks and hazards associated with a special event  Describe the elements of a contingency plan

5. Visual 3.4 Hazard Analysis  Definition: Process used to anticipate hazards; likelihood, frequency, damage, impact, and community vulnerability.  Awareness and foresight of potential cascading events are important  Special events pose increased risk for incidents

6. Visual 3.5 Conducting a Hazard Analysis Conducting a hazard analysis involves four steps:  Identify the hazards  Profile the identified hazards  Perform a risk index to prioritize the hazards  Plan for vulnerabilities

7. Visual 3.6 Identify Hazards Reference sources for identifying hazards:  The jurisdiction’s existing hazard analysis  Historical data, especially as they relate to similar hazards  Statistical data about the hazards that are most likely to occur in your area  Specific and unique hazards to the event

8. Visual 3.7 Activity 3.1 - Hazard ID  Divide into small groups  Identify 5 hazards most likely to occur at your event  Reconvene and discuss with the group

9. Visual 3.8 Profile Hazards  A hazard profile determines:  Magnitude  Frequency  Duration  Speed of onset “Hazard Vulnerability Assessment” Job Aids Page A-55

10. Visual 3.9 Profile Hazards (cont.)  Use Hazard Profile Worksheet  Consult all available sources of info regarding the event  Complete profile for each hazard  Do not ignore low-risk hazards – plan for these anyway

11. Visual 3.10 Activity 3.2 – Profiling Hazards  Same groups as previous exercise  Use worksheets in Student Manual  Complete hazard profile form for one of the hazards identified  Reconvene and discuss with the class

12. Visual 3.11 Prioritizing Risks/Hazards  Risk is defined as the predicted impact that a hazard would have on people, services, and specific facilities at the event and in the community  Quantifying risk enables planners to focus on those hazards that pose the highest threat to life, the environment, or property

13. Visual 3.12 Prioritizing Risks/Hazards (cont.)  Quantify the risks – key questions  What level of coverage is in the community’s EOP?  Are critical facilities affected?  Are local personnel trained and equipped to respond?  Could responders be delayed for any reason? For how long?

14. Visual 3.13 Prioritizing Risks/Hazards (cont.)  Quantifying risk involves:  Identifying elements of the event that are potentially at risk from a specific hazard.  Developing response priorities. Risk to life is always the highest priority.  Assigning severity ratings based on the potential impact.  Compiling risk data into event risk profiles.

15. Visual 3.14 Prioritizing Risks/Hazards (cont.)  Priority 1: Life safety, including hazard areas, high-risk populations, and potential search and rescue situations.  Priority 2: Essential facilities. Response personnel cannot respond if their own facilities are affected.  Priority 3: Critical infrastructure that are essential to life safety and that would adversely affect response efforts if they were disrupted.

16. Visual 3.15 Prioritizing Risks/Hazards (cont.)  Assign a hazard severity rating or risk index.  Predicts the damage that can be expected as a result of the hazard.  Use the Hazard Vulnerability Assessment table to calculate the ratings and impact.  Assign a value to each characteristic.  Assign a rating for each type of hazard data. “Hazard Vulnerability Assessment” Job Aids Page A-56

17. Visual 3.16 Prioritizing Risks/Hazards (cont.)  To determine the overall risk value for each hazard:  Select a hazard  Assign a value of 1-4 to each characteristic  Add the values  Divide by 4 to arrive at an overall risk value

18. Visual 3.17 Activity 3.3 Ranking the Hazards  Same groups as previous exercise  Use worksheets in Student Manual  Complete the Hazard Vulnerability Assessment for each hazard identified and determine the overall risk value  Reconvene and discuss with the class

19. Visual 3.18 Plan for Vulnerabilities  Develop scenarios for the highest-risk hazards identified  A scenario will trace the hazard’s development into an emergency  Scenarios should be realistic  Scenarios require brainstorming by event planners

20. Visual 3.19 Plan for Vulnerabilities (cont.)  A scenario should describe:  The initial warning of the event  The potential overall impact on the community  The potential impact of the event on specific community sectors  The potential consequences, such as casualties, damage, and loss of services  The actions and resources that would be needed to deal with the situation

21. Visual 3.20 Plan for Vulnerabilities (cont.)  Creating scenarios helps to identify situations that may exist in a disaster. These situations should be used to help ensure that a community is prepared should the hazard event occur.

22. Visual 3.21 Activity 3.4 Planning for Vulnerabilities  Same groups as previous exercise  Use worksheet in Student Manual  Complete the scenario worksheet for your most highly ranked hazard  Reconvene and discuss with the class

23. Visual 3.22 Terrorism Hazards  Special events are prime targets for terrorist activity by activist groups:  Political  Religious  Racial  Environmental  Special Interest

24. Visual 3.23 Terrorism Hazards (cont.)  Planning can lessen likelihood of surprise incident  Descriptive intelligence gathering  Predictive interpretation/probability forecast  Operational readiness (training, equipment, practiced response)

25. Visual 3.24 Terrorism Hazards (cont.)  Law enforcement should take lead in forecasting and planning  Planners should assign roles and responsibilities for agencies  ICS is important for response “Criminal and Terrorist Risks” Job Aids Pages 1-14 – 1-16

26. Visual 3.25 Terrorism Hazards (cont.)  Planners and local law enforcement should work with State and Federal partners to gather information and develop contingency plans  State and local data from Federally mandated assessments should be reviewed (Jurisdiction and Vulnerability Assessment)

27. Visual 3.26 Identifying Mitigation Actions  Hazard mitigation - Action taken to reduce risk to life and property from a hazard  Mitigation planning has four steps:  Organize resources  Assess risks  Develop a mitigation plan  Implement plan and monitoring progress

28. Visual 3.27 Hazard Mitigation Plan  Identify, evaluate, and prioritize actions  Address several questions:  Which actions can help us meet our mitigation objectives?  What capabilities do we have to implement these actions?  What impacts will these actions have on our community?

29. Visual 3.28 Mitigation Categories  Mitigation actions have six broad categories:  Prevention  Property protection  Public education and awareness  Natural resource protection  Emergency services  Structural projects

30. Visual 3.29 Mitigation Implementation  To implement a mitigation plan and activities, you must identify:  Resources  Timeframes  Partners  Responsibilities

31. Visual 3.30 Contingency Plans  Consider every high-risk, high-impact incident  Consult with all parties who may respond to an emergency situation “Contingency Plans” Job Aids Pages 2-4 – 2-5

32. Visual 3.31 Risks and Hazards to Consider  Questions?