The Coming of the War

North or South?

By 1850, what problems were Americans facing? Solutions? New Lands after Polk and the Mexican War…

Compromise of 1850 Presidents: Taylor and Fillmore 1) California is free 2) New Mexico and Utah territories open to popular sovereignty– residents vote to decide an issue 3) DC outlaws slave trade but keeps slavery 4) Strict enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Laws

“Mexico will poison us” – Emerson “Mexico is the forbidden fruit” -- Calhoun This visually represents The Compromise of testable

Fugitive Slaves Underground Railroad - testable

Actual size 4 years after the Compromise of 1850, slavery was now possible in areas that used to outlaw it. Popular Sovereignty would be used to decide. So, pro and anti slavery people poured into KS ready for a fight; and fight they do. It gets so bad that it winds up being called “Bleeding Kansas.”

"Admit Me Free" flags showed support for a free-state Kansas. This flag was originally used in a Republican campaign rally for Frémont in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in Four years later it was used at a rally for Lincoln.

Lawrence Kansas = anti-slavery people are murdered Pottawatomie Creek (1856) = pro-slavery supporters murdered by John Brown Lecompton Const. (1857) = pro-slavery constitution proposed in KS - Supported by Buchanan (POTUS) Bleeding Kansas

Situation A plantation owners sitting together in the local tavern discussing the Kansas-Nebraska Act and Situation B politicians sitting on the steps of the town hall, realizing the urgency of the slave issue and feeling hopeless Situation C two pro-slavery whites from Missouri, two free-soilers, one mayor of Lawrence Issues: the "election process" in Kansas and the violence in Lawrence Situation D John Brown, one free soiler, two proslaveryites (5 extras: for John Brown to kill, to vote for the L.C.,, to vote against the L.C.), James Buchanan, Stephen Douglas Issues: Popular sovereignty Situation E Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts, Senator Andrew Butler of South Carolina, Congressman Preston Brooks of South Carolina, any senator that witnessed the attack

Brooks-Sumner incident 1856 The Infamous Caning!

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) 1.A black slave cannot sue, not a citizen 2.Slaves are private property protected by 5 th Amend. 3.Overturned Missouri Comp. 4.Slaves can be taken anywhere 5.Abolitionists, northerners, and Republicans were not happy!

Lincoln-Douglas Debate (1858) After Dred Scott, Republicans said the Southern Dems wanted slavery everywhere in the US! Lincoln went after Douglas because the KS-NE Act was his idea. This is how Lincoln 1 st became known in American politics, that’s why you need to know about the debates.

John Brown and Harper’s Ferry, VA 1859 Painting by Thomas Hovenden Pottawatomie Creek and Harper’s Ferry. Harper’s Ferry was were the US arsenal (guns) were in VA. Brown wanted to arm the slaves in VA so there could be a huge revolt. Notice the date, right before the election of Lincoln, and less than two years before the first battle of the Civil War *What do you notice about the two pictures of John Brown?

Painting of a vengeful John Brown at the museum at Harper’s Ferry

John Brown’s Body Written By? 12th Massachusetts Regiment as a spoof, to tease their sergeant, also named John Brown. The melody of the song was written as a hymn tune by William Steffe, in In 1861, poet Julia Ward Howe (1819–1910), and her husband Samuel, visited a Union Army camp near Washington, D.C. They heard the soldiers singing "John Brown’s Body," which starts out, "John Brown’s body lies a’molderin’ in the grave" James Freeman Clarke, a minister, suggested that Julia write a new set of words for the tune. Her poem, called "Battle Hymn of the Republic," was published in the February 1862 Atlantic Monthly magazine.

Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored, He has loosed the fateful lightening of His terrible swift sword His truth is marching on. Glory! Glory! Hallelujah! Glory! Glory! Hallelujah! Glory! Glory! Hallelujah! His truth is marching on. I have seen Him in the watch-fires of a hundred circling camps They have builded Him an altar in the evening dews and damps I can read His righteous sentence by the dim and flaring lamps His day is marching on. Glory! Glory! Hallelujah! Glory! Glory! Hallelujah! Glory! Glory! Hallelujah! His truth is marching on.

Republican Platform 1.No extension of slavery! 2.Higher tariff 3.Transcontinental R.R. 4.Free Homesteads 5.Immigrant Rights PS – The whole John Brown thing proved to the South that the North had no ‘sympathy’ when it came to returning their ‘property.’

1860 Election – How does this map prove the elction caused secession?

SECESSION Begins… Ghosts of the Civil War "Slavery is the real issue, the single bone of contention between all parties and sections." - -Frederick Douglass

SLAVERY Cause of Disunity and Discord Expansion Compromises Fugitive Slave Law States’ Rights Constitution

How have we seen each fail in its ability to keep the union together? The Citizens ‘A’ The Courts ‘B’ The Congress ‘C’ The President ‘D’

Situation A plantation owners sitting together in the local tavern discussing the Kansas-Nebraska Act and Situation B politicians sitting on the steps of the town hall, realizing the urgency of the slave issue and feeling hopeless Situation C two pro-slavery whites from Missouri, two free-soilers, one mayor of Lawrence Issues: the "election process" in Kansas and the violence in Lawrence Situation D Patrons at a bar in Boston, Massachusetts that have knowledge of 3 underground RR “depots” Issues: Reward money