Gothic Art Gothic Sculpture and Illustrated Books.

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Presentation transcript:

Gothic Art Gothic Sculpture and Illustrated Books

Sculptural Decorations Upward tendencies in architecture were repeated in sculptures  Elongated or stretched Project outward into space Increased concern for reality  Sense of Movement in folds of the fabrics  Increased concern for human emotions

Sculptural Decorations Formal balance (Burgos Cathedral Tympanum, Burgos Spain)

Sculptural Decorations Informal balance (Death of the Virgin, Cloister Tympanum, Pamplona, Spain)

Sculptural Decorations Figures clearly identified and recognized by those familiar with the Bible  Keys = Peter  Tablets = Moses  Horn = Joshua  Cloak = Joseph

Chartres Cathedral, France: Stonework above three entrance doors relating to different aspects of the life of Christ  West façade: the statues of the 13th century Kings and Queens are below those taken from the life of Christ - signifying the important position of the Kings and Queens of the epoch.

North facade focuses on episodes from the Old Testament

South facade relates stories from the time between Christ's death and the Second Coming.

Common themes  Veneration of the Virgin Mary The Golden Virgin, Amiens Cathedral  The Seven Deadly Sins  Death and Last Judgment  Reflective of the times they were produced in  Plague ravaging Europe (1/3 population lost)

Gargoyles  Term derived from French word for throat  Grotesque flying monsters projecting from upper portions of huge churches “fleeing from Sacred space”  Carved stone or cast metal  They are actually rain spouts

Symbolism  Purpose to teach the uneducated.  Taught the four levels of meaning in the bible 1) Narrative and descriptive details of a story 2) Allegorical (relate story to history of Christ and his people)

Symbolism (cont.) 3) Moral = extracts a psychological meaning or lesson 4) Anagogic = interpret meaning of a story as a parable for the relationship of one’s soul to God.

Illustrated Books  Psalters: illustrated books containing psalms, gospels and other parts of liturgy  Used tiny pointed brushes and bright colors to depict scenes from the life of Christ.

Illustrated Books (cont.)  Influence of Stained-glass art  Both Illustrated books and stained glass windows made in same shop  Figures drawn with firm, dark outlines, suggestive of lead strips used to join sections  Placed in “frames”

International Style  Concern for realistic detail  More graceful and colorful  Book of Hours -- by Limbourg brothers from Flanders  Produced for Duke of Berry  Showed cycle of life through scenes depicting the 12 months.

January

February

March

April

June

ITALIAN CHURCH PAINTING Italy did not follow Gothic architecture Wall paintings remained

Duccio di Buoninsegna  Maestà Altarpiece at Cathedral of Sienna  Byzantine features  Extensive use of gold  2 Dimensional figures  Intense colors  shallow space  Non-Byzantine features  More relaxed and realistic

Giotto di Bondone  Natural looking figures  Real action depicted in real space  Dramatic effects (simple backgrounds focusing attention so that viewers can experience the work).

Fresco Technique Painting created on wet plaster  1) Draw in charcoal on wall  2) apply wet plaster in sections (only what could be painted while wet)  3) retrace charcoal lines  4) Apply pigment (mixed with water and egg whites) on wet plaster

Disadvantages to Fresco  Must finish painting while plaster still wet  Paint + plaster = permanent surface  Mistakes = start process over  Add paint after dry = flake off  Some details missing due to lack of time.