1. Renaissance Late 13-14c Proto-Renaissance – transformational period
15-16c Early and Late Renaissance
Power of cities and city state outway feudalistic lords and barons
Rise of wealth in the merchant and middle class (wealthy families powerful)
Protestant Reformation – religious instability – north Protestant, Italy Catholic
Mathematic and scientific discoveries
Classic philosophies renewed – rationality and idealism
Intellectualism – masters of art, great thinkers
Humanism concern with natural world and human life

2. Renaissance Characteristics
Real world ( not the past)
Use of symbolism
Compositional line (to lead eye around painting)
Humanism (humanizing and secularizing religious scenes through environment, body language
and facial expression)
Guilds – N guilds support middle class I wealthy patrons and church
Relationship of viewer to the painting
Linear and atmospheric perspective
Secular spaces – N middle class I classic
Painting dominant art form – N oil I fresco

3. Proto-Renaissance and Italo-Byzantine
First ½ of the 13c. Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II
Classic revival in Sicily and southern Italy
(Compare to Charlemagne’s revival E. 9c. Carolingian)
Greater interest in classic form and humanism
Combination of Medieval Gothic and Roman influence
New artistic movement spreads to the Tuscan cities of:
Lucca, Florence, Pisa and Siena
In painting: Italo-Byzantine Style ( Maniera Greco) – Byzantine influence from the Middle Ages combined with the a new pictorial manner.

4. Baptistery Pulpit of Pisa Cathedral Proto-Renaissance Nicola

5. St. Francis Altarpiece Proto-Renaissance (Italo-Byzantine) Berlinghieri

6. Maesta Altarpiece Cathedral of Siena Duccio
front back

7. Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints, Maesta Altarpiece Proto-Renaissance (Italo-Byzantine) Duccio

8. Betrayal of Jesus, Maesta Altarpiece Proto-Renaissance (Italo-Byzantine) Duccio

9. Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Prophets Proto-Renaissance (Italo-Byzantine) Cimabue

10. Madonna Enthroned Proto-Renaissance Giotto

11. Cimabue Giotto

12. Arena Chapel (Scrovegni Chapel) Padua, Italy

13. east west

14. Lamentation Proto-Renaissance Giotto

15. Anunciation International Gothic Martini

16. Birth of the Virgin International Gothic Lorenzetti

17. The Books of Hours were the prayer books used by laypeople in medieval times.  Commissioned by royal family members, the nobility and wealthy patrons, they became status symbols, the jewels in the collections of book collectors.
The basic components of the Book of Hours are: 1.   Calendar 2.  Extracts from the Gospels 3.  The prayer Obsecro 4.  The Prayer O intemerata 5.  Hours of the Virgin 6.  Hours of the Cross 7.  Hours of the Holy Spirit 8.  Penitential Psalms 9.  Litany 10. Office of the Dead 11.  Prayers to Various Saints

18. January February

19. March April

20. May June

21. July August

22. September October

23. November December