 Born in Austria, 1889  Not accepted into Art school  Fought in WWI, got interested in politics  Leader of Nazi party  Dictator  Anti-semitism  Committed suicide April 30, 1945

 Territorial expansion to assert superiority and strength  promotes political violence and war as actions that create national spirit  “corporatist” economy- big business and state work together to set national economic policies  Authoritarian democracy- rule of the most qualified  seeks to represent the different interests of a society

 United States – joined in 1941  Great Britain  France  Soviet Union  Over 50 countries worldwide

 Germany  Italy  Japan  Others: Hungary, Romania, etc

 EUROPE  Instigated by Nazi’s who invaded Poland  Major battles in France, Belgium, Italy, Northern Africa  Ended in spring of 1945 when the Axis powers were unable to regain the Western Front. During this time Mussolini was killed by his own people and Hitler committed suicide.  THE PACIFIC  Instigated by the Japanese who bombed Pearl Harbor in 1941  Major battles: Midway, Iwo Jima, Okinawa  Ended in August of 1945 after the United States dropped two atomic bombs on Japan at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. *There were also battles fought in Northern Africa (French colonies)

 Schutzstaffel  Protective Squadron  Hitler  Heinrich Himmler  leader of S.S.. Created concentration camps  Extreme loyalty

 Geheime Staatspolizei, "Secret State Police“  Formed in 1933  sub-group of the S.S.  1936 the Gestapo Law  no judicial oversight  46,000 members during the war  In charge of investigating accusations made by German citizens against others

 systematic genocide  the “Final Solution”  Influenced by feelings of superiority and blame placed on the Jews for WWI and its aftermath  Eugenics  improving genetic composition of a population. Nazi idea of “cleansing”  Included the execution of:  Jews  gypsies  communists  Soviet POWs  Polish and Soviet civilians  homosexuals  people with disabilities  Jehovah's Witnesses  political and religious opponents of the Nazi Party *German descent did not protect the victims of the holocaust

 Born in Sighet, Transylvania (Romania), 1928  Lived in a ghetto in Sighet before being shipping to Auschwitz with his family  Sent to a work camp with his father where he stayed for over 8 months and was shuffled between 3 different camps  Was released when Buchenwald was liberated in April 1945  10 year vow of silence after the war  Wrote about his experiences during the Holocaust in the book Night and many other books  Won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986  Still speaks and makes appearances today

 Jews moved from their homes to ghettos  Walled off or surrounded by barbed wire  Leaving = death  Conditions  Crowded  Bad sanitation  Starvation  Jews either killed in ghettos or sent to concentration camps *In the Warsaw Ghetto, there were 400,000 people crammed into 1.3 sq. mi. *Approx. 7.2 people per room

 A network of concentration and extermination camps in Nazi-occupied Poland  1940  first camp built  “Selections” – 2 groups  Work  Medical experiments