CCS IN J APAN AND T AIWAN By Shin-Nan Yang

W HAT IS CCS Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture and storage Using fossil fuel means burning them, which generate CO 2. As a result, CO 2 has increased in the atmosphere, contributing to global warming. CCS seeks to capture the CO 2, transport it to sites suitable for geological sequestration, and store it underground. CCS is a key weapon in the battle against global warming.

CCS AS A KEY WEAPON IN THE FIGHT AGAINST GLOBAL WARMING Capturing the CO 2 from power plants and factories before it released into the atmosphere and storing it underground In terms of technology, CCS is broadly divided into three stages. Capture, Transport, Injection, and Storage Each of these stages can be accomplished with existing technology. However, further technical advances are needed for large-scale application, improved efficiency, and total system optimization.

A N ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE OF GLOBAL POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF CCS *Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

A DIAGRAM OF CCS Plant A: onshore storage Plant B: offshore storage

CCS IN J APAN Japan CCS Co., Ltd.

J APAN CCS C O., L TD. Company Profile Date of Incorporation: May 26, 2008 Prior to the G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit Capital: 242,500,000 yen ( about 3 million USD ) A group of major private corporations with expertise in CCS-related fields, including electric power, petroleum, oil development, and engineering The world's first privately owned company dedicated to integrated CCS technology

S HAREHOLDERS ( 36 COMPANIES ) Hokkaido Electric Power Co., Inc. Tohoku Electric Power Co., Inc. Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. Hokuriku Electric Power Co., Inc. The Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. The Chugoku Electric Power Co., Inc. Shikoku Electric Power Co., Inc. Kyushu Electric Power Co., Inc. The Okinawa Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Development Co., Ltd. Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. COSMO OIL CO., LTD. JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation SHOWA SHELL SEKIYU K. K. Nippon Steel Engineering Co., Ltd. JFE Engineering Corporation CHIYODA CORPORATION TOYO ENGINEERING CORPORATION JGC Corporation ITOCHU Corporation Sumitomo Corporation Marubeni Corporation Mitsubishi Corporation Marubeni-Itochu Steel Inc. Arabian Oil Company Ltd. Japan Petroleum Exploration Co., Ltd. INPEX CORPORATION Mitsui Oil Exploration Co., Ltd. JFE Steel Corporation SUMITOMO METAL INDUSTRIES, LTD. Tenaris NKK TubesTokyo Gas Co., Ltd. Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. MITSUBISHI GAS CHEMICAL COMPANY, INC. Mitsubishi Materials Corporation

M EMBERS OF THE B OARD Members of the Board President and Representative Director Shoichi Ishii Senior Managing Director, Japan Petroleum Exploration Co., Ltd. Director Masanori Abe General Manager-Technology, Japan CCS Co., Ltd. Shinichi Mitsuda General Manager, Energy ＆ Resources Division, Natural Gas Chemicals Company MITSUBISHI GAS CHEMICAL CO., INC. Toshihiro Sano Managing Executive Officer, Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. Yasuo Yahagi Representative Director & Executive Vice President, Tohoku Electric Power Co., Inc. Osamu Kawano Managing Director Member of the Board Nippon Steel Engineering Co., Ltd.

Members of the Board Director Toshiya Oshita Executive Officer, Vice President, Technical Headquarters, General Manager, Technical Resources Unit, INPEX CORPORATION Kenichiro Saitoh General Manager, Research & Development Planning Dept. JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation Auditor Takashi Honjo Senior Managing Director, Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth

KEY OBJECTIVES OF JCCS INCORPORATION Accomplish comprehensive investigations for carrying out CCS total system demonstrations Integrate opinions from the private sector for early establishment of laws, regulations and technical standards applicable to CCS in Japan Conduct promoting activities for CCS deployment in Japan Cooperate with foreign organizations for CCS deployment overseas Collect and exchange the latest information on CCS with overseas research organizations

ONGOING DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) Project name Feasibility Study on a Total System from Electric Power Generation to CO2 Storage Period July 2008~March 2010 Project Overview A feasibility study on a CCS total system, captured CO2 at NAKOSO IGCC Power Demonstration Plant is transported to and stored in the depleted Iwaki-oki offshore gas field. Project Contents Conceptual design and optimization of a CO2 storage system Storage potential estimation and economical evaluation.

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) Project name Development of Assessment Technologies for a Deep Aquifer, appropriate for Demonstrations as a part of Research and Development of Underground Storage Technology for Carbon- dioxide Period September 2008~March 2009 Project Overview Evaluation study for site screening for CCS demonstrations in Japan and acquiring of benchmarks for CCS deployment. Project Contents Geological evaluation of potential sites for CCS demonstrations Conceptual design of CCS models at several sites Fault and environmental evaluations Integrated assessment of candidate sites supported by economical ripple-effect evaluations and laboratory experiments for risk assessments, etc. Project name Demonstration of CO2 Reduction Technologies Period January 2009~March 2010 Project Overview Field surveys at candidate sites for CCS demonstrations. Project Contents Offshore pipeline route survey 3D seismic survey Preparation for an investigation well, etc.

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) Project name Demonstration of CO2 Reduction Technologies Period April 2009~March 2010 Project Overview Field surveys at candidate sites for CCS demonstrations. Project Contents Investigation well drilling at one candidate site for demonstration Preparations for field surveys at the other candidate sites, conceptual to basic design of CCS system, etc.

CCS 在台灣

主要由政府領頭推動 政府雖已將「節能減碳」列入國家施政重點 但 CCS 尚未列入可行之施政項目 CCS 仍停留於「技術研究」及「可行性評估」之階段 先天自然地質條件 優良的 CO 2 儲存潛力： 陸上地質構造 28 億噸 海域鹽水層 90~680 億噸

目前已有之相關準備工作 經濟部能源局於 2010 年 1 月成立「二氧化碳捕捉與封 存」研發聯盟，結合中油、台電、中鋼及工研院等 指標性企業共同推動 國科會於 2009 年 12 月籌備能源國家型計畫之淨煤主 軸專案計畫，以整合各部會既有計畫及新增我國具 產業化機會之計畫，淨煤主軸專案計畫之主要目標 是發展 CCS 產業化技術，並促成國內 CCS 產業聚落 之凝聚，以達成實質減碳 5% 以上之目標 行政院環保署亦於 2010 年 2 月召集相關部會署成立 「二氧化碳捕捉與封存」策略聯盟，並於 2011 年 3 月 舉行「二氧化碳捕捉與封存」策略聯盟成立記者會， 積極推動 CCS 成為我國低碳能源之可行方案

現況及目標 現況 各部會署及國營事業每年投注約共 4 億元 每年栽培至少 50 位相關專業人才 目標 - 「淨煤」主軸計畫 推動『淨煤』為我國永續能源方案之低碳能源選項 發展具國際競爭力的台灣『淨煤』產業聚落。雖然我國 CCS 領域起步較晚，但在積極整合我國天然地質資源、 相關產業、研發機構及學術團隊之能量優勢，推動國內 淨煤產業聚落之形成，仍有迎頭趕上國際 CCS 技術產業 化之契機。