Bundle Block Adjustments in the practical Close Range applications Filippo Campolo Vincenzo Barrile University of Reggio Calabria Italy Racurs Conference, Jurmala 2005

Why this test ? Verify the results of four softwares mainly being used in Italian industry and targeting potential “PHOTOMOD” users, and to furnish useful suggestions to those peoples that operate in this sector. Verify if the results are suitable for monitoring architectural and monumental patrimony. Racurs Conference, Jurmala 2005

Some typical objects of monitoring Castle of San Niceto, Motta San Giovanni, Italy Racurs Conference, Jurmala 2005

Some typical objects of monitoring Villa Zerbi, Reggio Calabria, Italy Racurs Conference, Jurmala 2005

Variety of softwares Commercial Academic Expensive Cheap Only for the research For development Racurs Conference, Jurmala 2005

What of this software companies like to buy ? Mainly multifunction (total solution) Aerial-photogrammetry and Close Range Racurs Conference, Jurmala 2005

Softwares tested Socet Set by LH-Systems Bluh by Hannover University Visual Giant by ElaSoft PHOTOMOD by Racurs Racurs Conference, Jurmala 2005 Latest versions

First object for test : Altar Racurs Conference, Jurmala 2005 Gold altar of Sant’Ambrogio in Milano

Second object for test : Façade Church of San Benedetto in Catania Racurs Conference, Jurmala 2005

Used equipments Theodolite Wild T3000 (0.1” angular) Distomat Di3002 (1 mm) Metric camera by Zeiss (9x13 cm) Vexcel Scanner (Scan 5 micron) Racurs Conference, Jurmala 2005

Scheme of strips with all points Racurs Conference, Jurmala 2005

Tie points measured

Control points marked and measured Racurs Conference, Jurmala 2005

Check points measured Racurs Conference, Jurmala 2005

Results of the test on the control points Racurs Conference, Jurmala 2005

Results on the control points from Socet Set Racurs Conference, Jurmala 2005

Results on the control points from Bluh Racurs Conference, Jurmala 2005

Results on the control points from Visual Giant Racurs Conference, Jurmala 2005

Results on the control points from PHOTOMOD Racurs Conference, Jurmala 2005

Results the test on the check points Racurs Conference, Jurmala 2005

Differences check points: Socet Set

Differences check points: Bluh Racurs Conference, Jurmala 2005

Differences check points: Visual Giant

Racurs Conference, Jurmala 2005 Differences check points: PHOTOMOD

Conclusion A block adjustment is never perfect. If the adjustment residual errors exceed the tolerance, a great deal of imagination is required to visualize the source of the problem from error values, which only describe the deformation in numerical terms. After analyzing the errors, the photogrammetrist will often revisit the point marking or mensuration process, and then discard or statistically weight certain points and re-process the data to obtain a better adjustment. Racurs Conference, Jurmala 2005

Modern bundle block adjustment programs also directly output model parameter, including control and image points’ ground coordinates, residual errors in the original measurements and the adjustment, and all-important bundle parameters ( Xo, Yo, Zo, Omega, Phi, Kappa), which define location and attitude of each aerial and close range photograph. For that it is impossible to say which is the best: Socet Set Bluh Visual Giant PHOTOMOD ALL GIVE GOOD RESULTS IN THE BUNDLE BOCK ADJUSTMENT Racurs Conference, Jurmala 2005

WHICH ONE IS THE BEST OUT OF THE FOUR? Our opinion is that the results coming from “ PHOTOMOD ” are very good, and it is very interesting software to be used in close range applications. IT IS FOR YOU TO CHOOSE Racurs Conference, Jurmala 2005

Thanks for attention and arrivederci Racurs Conference, Jurmala 2005 Filippo Campolo and Vincenzo Barrile University of Reggio Calabria Italy