1. Ireneusz Ewiak Institute of Geodesy Departament of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry e-mail: ireneusz.ewiak@wat.edu.pl MILITARY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy THE MEASURING QUALITIES OF ARCHIVAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS AS A FUNCTION OF TIME

2. INTRODUCTION (1) Polish land and buildings registration in the 50s of the 20th century Measurement technology Accuracy of measurement Economic and technical conditioning

3. INTRODUCTION (2) Land and buildings registration in Poland to current standards for measuring coordinates of boundary points of parcels. Results of the statistical surveys in Poland Availability of archival (historical) photographs Significance of digital photogrammetry in the redefining process of the position of boundaries points of parcels with required accuracy

4. MOTIVATION Restore the original state of the registration of land and buildings using archival aerial photos. Status of minor control used for measuring register points Problem of aging of the aerial photos Indicators of degree of aging of the aerial photos 1982 1997 2013

5. PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH The expected answer to the two questions For which time resolution of the block of aerial photos may be developed in accordance with the applicable standard? Is the aerial images on the basis of which in the 1950s of the last century was assumed the land and buildings registration to meet this requirements?

6. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (1)

7. FACTOR OF AGING OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH where: w z – factor of aging of aerial photograph l n – nominal number of control points in the block l p – number of control points measured in the block

8. AERIAL TRIANGULATION REQUIREMENTS The requirements for the tie points The minimum number of tie points in Gruber position Measurement of the additional tie points if the image coordinates measured with standard deviation more than 5 micrometres The number of tie points measured in at last 4 photos

9. AERIAL TRIANGULATION REQUIREMENTS The requirements for the control points In case when were measured the perspective centres and angles for all photos in a block In case when some aerial photos in the block haven't the measurement of perspective center In case when all aerial photos in the block haven't the measurement of perspective center

10. ACCURACY CRITERION OF AERIAL TRIANGULATION Photo scale Ground Sampling Distance [m] Type of camera Standard Deviation of ground coordinates of tie points [m] mXmX mYmY mZmZ ≥ 1:6 000≤ 0.10 Normal angle0.05 0.16 Half-normal angle0.05 0.08 Wide-angle0.05 0.08 ≥ 1:14 000≤ 0.25 Normal angle Half-normal angle0.12 0.20 Wide-angle0.12 0.20 ≥ 1:26 000≤ 0.50 Normal angle Half-normal angle0.25 0.40 Wide angle0.25 0.40

11. BLOCKS OF ARCHIVAL AERIAL PHOTOS No. Date of acquisition of aerial photos Number of photos (number of strips/number of photos in strip) Scale / GSD [m] Type of camera 1MAY/1951170 (10/17)1:15000Analogue 2MAY/1972160 (10/16)1:16000Analogue 3MAY/198260 (6/10)1:20000Analogue 4AUGUST/198754 (6/9)1:20000Analogue 5AUGUST/199463 (7/9)1:20000Analogue 6MAY/2000960 (24/40)1:5000Analogue 7MAY/2004198 (11/18)1:11000Analogue 8JUNE/2007748 (17/44)0.15Digital 9APRIL/2009946 (22/43)0.10Digital 10JUNE/20131232 (22/56)0.05Digital

12. AERIAL TRIANGULATIONS RESULTS No. Date of acquisition of aerial photos Number of control points nominal / designing Indicator of aging of aerial photo Standard Deviation of ground coordinates of tie points [m] M XY MZMZ 1MAY/195125/50.801.532.32 2MAY/197225/70.720.540.63 3MAY/198212/50.580.420.51 4AUGUST/198712/50.580.330.42 5AUGUST/199412/60.500.290.38 6MAY/2000132/840.360.050.14 7MAY/200425/180.280.110.17 8JUNE/200744/360.180.090.11 9APRIL/200916/150.060.040.07 10JUNE/201320/200.000.020.03

13. PERCENTAGE INDEX OF AGING OF AERIAL PHOTO

14. ACCURACY OF AERIAL TRIANGULATION VS VALUES OF INDEX OF AGING PHOTOS

15. CONCLUSIONS  For aerial photographs showing the situation of the terrain prior to no more than 11 years is possible to develop of aerial triangulation with required criteria.  It is likely that the development of such can be done also for aerial photographs showing the situation of the terrain prior to no more than 43 years.  The aerial photographs for which the aging factor is less than 36% can be developed with use digital photogrammetric methods due to the current standards of accuracy.  Aerial photographs acquired in 1953, on the basis of which has been developed in Poland the registration of land and buildings do not guarantee the possibility it updating with the required current accuracy.

16. ADITIONAL INFORMATION The present research was conducted as part of the research project no. PBS3/B9/39/2015, co-financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education under the Applicable Research Programmes of the National Centre for Research and Development Thank you for your attention