Using the Game of Baduk/Go/Wei-chi to Teach Across the Disciplines G. Yakman Jinsoo Kim ISETL 2007 A game that is easy enough for a toddler to learn, but can be complex enough to stump a genius.

What is Baduk/Go/Wei-chi? Ancient Asian strategy game Developed in China about 4000 yrs. ago Originally played only by royalty Kept from commoners to hinder intellectual development

Why Baduk/Go Stayed East High Class controlled game 600AD from China to Korea & Japan Tibetian book Qi Jing 550AD references it Chess pieces - representative of European culture Baduk/Go pieces – simplistic Difficulty for foreigners Restricted foreign travel -1842 Gambling culture 7th Century 1st Baduk Painting in Tibet

How the West Got Baduk/Go 300 AD Danish grave 925 AD Saxon Hnefatafl similar Jesuit missions into to elite Matteo Ricci d. 1610 wrote on topic 10th Century Hnefatafl Montanus

Compared to chess Easier to learn, harder to master Built in Handicap System Unlimited possibilities No computer yet able to play at master level

Baduk/Go Schools K-12 devoted schools Baduk/Go/Chess Clubs at schools (50+ across US) Professional Development Schools Collegiate Level Middlebury – Huang & Schumer – (see syllabus) One collegiate Department of Baduk, at Myongji University: Korea Founded in 1998 by Asso. Prof. Jeong, Soo-Hyun - 3 faculty Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees, Nam, Chi-Hyung & Choi, ll-Ho. Baduk Education, Baduk Research Methodology, Baduk History, Baduk Culture, Baduk Techniques and Education, Baduk Psychology

Integrated STEM education The concept of teaching across the disciplines of Science Technology Engineering Mathematics with activities that cover content and application from each of the fields Einstein with professional Baduk/Go player Fukuda Masayoshi. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.media.mit.edu/quanta/people/kenbrown/Einstein.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.media.mit.edu/quanta/people/kenbrown/other.html&h=430&w=503&sz=76&hl=en&start=93&tbnid=annuJaRBn0u8VM:&tbnh=111&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbaduk%26start%3D90%26ndsp%3D18%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN

What is STE@M Education The concept of teaching across all the disciplines by formally tying the STEM disciplines to the Arts fields, including; Fine Physical & Performance Manual Liberal & Social (Education, psych., phil., socio., etc…)

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AND IT’S MORE FUN & ENGAGING! FUNctional Literacy Teaching across the disciplines directly supports transference of knowledge. Students not only learn to be literate in a singular (silo) field, but they become life-long learners who are much more capable of being functionally literate and advancing society. AND IT’S MORE FUN & ENGAGING!

Science Relationships Boards: Katsura wood Stones: Slate, Shell, Glass, Plastic & Jade Bowls: wood, woven & decorative The number of possible games playable on this board has been reckoned to be more than the number of molecules in the universe.

Technology Relationships Creativity Strategy Design Materials and processes http://www.hanjimadang.co.kr/make/baduk.jpg

Engineering Relationships Excellent for; Cognitive development Balance of design Computer programming Since the aim of a move is to control the most territory, the optimal move yields the maximum amount of territory -- a simple counting procedure and a chore computers excel at. Yet, the level of computer Baduk/Go remains about that of a human who has studied Baduk/Go for a month. - Richard Bozulich - http://www.kiseido.com/

Mathematics Relationships Pattern recognition Binary mathematics Movie - Pi 360 intersections plus one. occupies the ultimate position and governs the four quarters. number of days in the [lunar] year. four quarters symbolizes the four seasons. 72 circumference points represent the [five-day] weeks of the [Chinese lunar] calendar.

From The Classic of Go, by Chang Nui - 11th C * Arts relationships History Ex: WWII Japanese strategy & US camps Literature ex: compares the four quarters to the four seasons, the stones to night and day, the 361 intersections to the days of the year, and the center point on the board to the Pole Star - 17th C Japanese playwright, Chikamatsu – Graphic & Other Novels Education Ex: Studying Baduk/Go is a wonderful way to develop both the creative as well as logical abilities because to play it both sides of the brain are necessary. Cho Chikun, one of the three great prodigies in Go history - http://www.kiseido.com/ Philosophy Ex: The balance of Yin and Yang is the model for the equal division of the 360 stones into black and white. LaTour - ANT From The Classic of Go, by Chang Nui - 11th C

The Art of Playing Hold the stones between first and middle fingers, like chopsticks & snap them down on the board with a sharp click Musical Boards

Games The traditional Baduk/Go board has a 19-line grid. Beginners play on small 9 or 13-line boards.

Begin Game Goal: Create territory by surrounding open space Built in handicap system – 9 points Players take turns putting stones on the intersections Black goes first

Playing Stones Each intersection is a point of territory Once a stone is put down it does not move unless it’s captured – Atari = Check Each captured stone is also worth one point.

Ko- Repetition Rule One may not play a move which repeats a previous board position.

Claiming Territory Fenceposts & Walls

Living Groups A safe group of stones must have two eyes two or more, internal but separate empty points

Game Over Game End: when all the walls defining the territory is taken, and there are no plays left to make. Captured Stones: Are filled in Counting: Pieces are moved

Most major US cities have Baduk/Go clubs. Resources: Top 4: American Go Association - www.usgo.org American Go Foundation - http://www.usgo.org/agf/index.html Sensei Go - http://senseis.xmp.net/ Goshawk Herron’s Curriculum & promo materials See accompanying 35 page list Most major US cities have Baduk/Go clubs.