BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Eco-friendly Planning for Zoos Bernard Harrison Principle Partner - Creativity & Design Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 What this Talk is all about … The raison d'être of zoos is to change attitudes & set examples for the visiting public on conservation Besides wildlife conservation this should include environmental conservation Global warming

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 What this Talk is all about … The best ways to demonstrate this is to plan, design & build everything in a zoo to be eco-friendly & sustainable And offer our guests examples of how to live sustainably Recycled tin can lamp

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 The Outline Elaborating on SEAZA’s 8-Point Action Plan for Success To achieve eco-friendly status: –Ensure the planners understand & buy-into the eco-friendly concept –Follow principles of eco- architecture & use recyclable materials from sustainable sources Coke can car

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 The Outline –Practice water harvesting, storage & recycling –Use & showcase alternative sources of energy –Understand the Clean Development Mechanism Baby-scorpion

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 The Buzz Word Global Warming

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 It’s not only about melting ice caps …

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Global Warming Reduced polar ice - raises the sea level Most vulnerable will be the poor countries - most affected by floods, droughts & storms Singapore is studying 4m high dyke system

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 An Inconvenient Truth It took Al Gore to tell the world Why didn’t the zoo world do it first? Its our business!!

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Desertification Drought in the Senegal Desert ecosystems are the only ecosystem that are increasing in size Global Warming?

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Earth’s Biocapacity Global Ecological Footprint exceeds the Biocapacity by 21% Thus, we are spending Nature’s Capital faster than it can be regenerated

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Developed world must adopt new models Methane, produced by cows burping & farting, has a global warming potential which is 21 times greater than carbon dioxide Globalization means everyone wants western standards of living

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Should we promote vegetarianism? Paris Hilton eating fast food Poverty is one of the most serious causes of environmental destruction

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 The Stern Report … Economic impacts of climate change have shaken world political & industrial leaders Globally cities - have inadequate & unsustainable infrastructure to meet growing populations Sir Nicholas Stern

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 We now live in cities……. which are totally unnatural

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Cities are Unnatural 50% of 5.6 billion live in cities 326 cities - over 1m 19 mega cities - over 10m

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Cities are Unnatural Need concentrations of: –Food –Water –Energy Lagos, Nigeria

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Cities are Unnatural Need to dispose of: –Garbage –Sewerage –Grey water –Air pollutants

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Cities are Unnatural Cover 2% of earth’s surface Account for: –78% carbon emissions –60% residence water waste –76% wood for industry

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Eco-friendly developments in our zoos

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Eco-architecture

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Eco-architecture Bioclimatic & sustainable architecture: –Green roof buildings –Orientation of buildings to maximize use of natural light & natural wind ventilation Twycross Zoo - Entrance complex with green roof

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Natural Cooling Sources Tree planting to reduce heat retention of buildings Air movement is the most important element of passive cooling Reduces need for airconditioning & fans Passive shade

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Natural Cooling Sources Design planting to funnel breezes through the building

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Eco-efficient Tropical House Good cross ventilation

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Passive Climate Control Air is drawn over a lake outside, which cools the building

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Building Materials Selection of building materials - especially timber - from sustainable sources, which are recycled or can be recycled Energy efficient materials Use of indigenous regional architecture using tried & tested designs & materials Artificial timber boardwalk

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 International Audits 1.Follow LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) ratings for design, construction, and operation of green buildings 2.And ISO 1402 (International Organization of Standardization) for energy conservation

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Eco-landscape

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Eco-landscape Landscape provides functions & production as well as aesthetic qualities Landscape supports biological climate control Soften impact of hard landscape Provides space for food production

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Vertical Strata Over 10m 5-10m 2-5m 1-2m 0-1m Yield calories m2/yr A: (over 10m) Coconut, albizia B: (5-10m) fruit trees: soursop, jackfruit, pisitam, guava, mountain apple, cloves, breadfruit, avocado, mango, mangosteen, rambutan C: (2-5m) banana, papaya, small fruit trees (belimbil, starfruit) salek, coffee, ipil ipil D: (1-2m) cassava, Xanthosoma, arrowroot, gembili (D.esculenta) cardamom, galangal E: (0-1m) starch foods, vegetables & spices e.g. sweet potato, taro, chilli, eggplant tumeric Pekarangan - Edible Landscapes

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Organic Pest Control Natural pest management Creative non- pesticide solutions Ladybird Preying mantis Ducks in paddy fields

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Water Conservation

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Water Saving & management of water through drainage systems: –Collection - take advantage of natural run-off –Purification –Storage –Use as wildlife refuges –Aquaculture

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Knowing the Site Conditions Like wastewater & sewerage treatment with low-cost constructed & natural wetlands Allows for early environmental design solutions

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Putrajaya Wetlands Then turning wetlands into wildlife sanctuaries

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Compost Toilets! Hmmmmm… Dry & wet systems

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Compost Toilets! Smell is reduced considerably Worms create excellent compost

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Waterless Urinals Urine passes through floating, lighter weight liquid which traps & seals it, preventing odour

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Alternative Energy Systems

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Solar or Photovoltaic Systems (PV)

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Photovoltaic Systems Integration of PV panels into the construction initially reduces costs considerably

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Photovoltics for Drinking Water A small electric pump can lift 30 m³ water per day from 5m depth PV cells powering a small electric pump

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 All sorts of practical applications … Thin-film solar cell bikini powering an MP3 player

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Hydro-Power 3 Gorges dam

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Environmental Impact Hydro power presently produces 90% of all power from renewable energy sources The problem is the environmental impact 3 Gorges dam

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Small Hydro-electric Energy Small-scale hydroelectric facilities do not require building expensive facilities Can provide power for 800 people

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Micro Hydroelectric Energy Require minor civil engineering works - reducing costs & environmental impact Micro hydroelectric turbine

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Biogas & Biofuel

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Biogas Bio-methanization is the fermentation of organic matter into clean burning methane & carbon dioxide Indian kitchen using biogas

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Biogas Uses: –zoo sewerage sludge –municipal solid waste –agricultural or biodegradable waste This biogas digester will convert animal dung and waste into biogas

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Bio-Fuels Used Cooking Oil from main kitchen (up to 1,000 meals/day) Bio-fuel/diesel blending facility Cleaner fuel for zoo vehicles Biodiesel made by combining alcohol with vegetable oil or recycled cooking greases Can be used as a renewable alternative fuel for diesel engines

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Wind Systems

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Small Wind Systems Used by small business & householders Small wind turbine

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Micro Wind Systems Domestic wind turbine normally on a mast Can be mounted on a zoo building Micro wind turbine mounted on house

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Hybrids Applications Successful examples of hybrid systems : –PV/wind –PV/biogas PV & wind hybrid

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 The Clean Development Mechanism CDM

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 The Kyoto Protocol Agreed in 1997 & a binding international law in 2005 Covers 160 countries for global greenhouse gas emissions Australia & USA have not ratified Requires each industrialized country to set a target to control greenhouse pollution

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 The Clean Development Mechanism The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has established a regulatory framework for the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Carbon Trading A developed country can buy Certified Emissions Reduction (CER) certificates The CER sale will cover the cost of projects such as rural electrification projects in developing countries Installing photovoltaic panel in Ethiopia

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Carbon Trading The developed countries uses the CERs to offset their carbon footprint Eventually, planting forests will be acceptable for CERs

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Carbon Trading Market “Managing emissions has become one of the fastest-growing specialties in financial services… Their goal is a slice of a market now worth about $30 billion and that could grow to $1 trillion within a decade” New York Times - 6 th July 2007

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 The Return to Sustainability Future developments should maintain harmony with nature & their eco-systems That’s the Moral reason to plan for sustainability

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 A Call For Action! If our visitors knew all these things … They might start voicing their concerns to their Governments … So why don’t you tell them?

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 For one lonely voice can do little But many voices together can move mountains

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Thank You