The future Present Continuous Will-future Going to Simple Present

Present Continuous Si usa per parlare di arrangements, cioè di azioni programmate che si svolgeranno (nel futuro) in un luogo e/o momento preciso e prestabilito. He’s staying in Berlin on Friday night. I’m starting a new job next week.

Will-future Si usa per parlare di predictions, cioè per dire ciò che pensiamo, prevediamo, sappiamo sul futuro. Si tratta di previsioni del tutto personali, cioè non necessariamente supportate da fattori esterni. I think it will snow tomorrow. Si usa per parlare di azioni non predeterminate, ma decise e immediatamente mese in atto dal soggetto. What a nice hat! I’ll buy it for my sister.

Will-future Si usa per: If I find your wallet, I’ll phone you. offrirsi di fare qlco: I’ll give you a hand accettare/rifiutare di fare qlco: ‘I need some money’ ‘Ok, I’ll lend you some’ promettere qlco: Ok, I really will stop smoking fare una richiesta cortese: Will you open the window, please? Si usa nella main clause del 1st conditional: If I find your wallet, I’ll phone you.

Will-future (form) AFFERMATIVA INTERROGATIVA NEGATIVA I will+forma base You will He will She will It will We will They will Will I +forma base? Will you? Will he? Will she? Will It? Will We? Will they? I will not + f. base You will not He will not She will not It will not We will not They will not I’ll + forma base I won’t + f. base

in speech & formal writing 3-3 FORMS WITH WILL CONTRACTIONS ‘ ‘ ‘ I + wi ll she + wi ll he + wi ll we + will we’ll you + will you’ll they + will they’ll pronouns + will in speech & formal writing 7

______ get married in an hour. She’ll 3-3 LET'S PRACTICE CONTRACTION? she will ______ get married in an hour. She’ll 8

Dinner will be ready in one hour. 3-3 FORMS WITH WILL Dinner will be ready in one hour. 9

? ? (c) CORRECT: Jane will see a movie. Jane will sees a movie. 10-6 FUTURE TIME: USING WILL STATEMENT (c) CORRECT: Jane will see a movie. ? INCORRECT: Jane will sees a movie. ? INCORRECT: Jane wills see a movie. 10 10

? (d) CORRECT: Jane will come today. Jane will comes today. STATEMENT 10-6 FUTURE TIME: USING WILL STATEMENT (d) CORRECT: Jane will come today. ? INCORRECT: Jane will comes today. 11 11

? (e) CORRECT: Jane will eat breakfast. Jane will to eat breakfast. 10-6 FUTURE TIME: USING WILL STATEMENT (e) CORRECT: Jane will eat breakfast. ? INCORRECT: Jane will to eat breakfast. 12 12

will won’t + not STATEMENT (h) Amy won’t be at work tomorrow. 10-6 FUTURE TIME: USING WILL STATEMENT (g) Amy will not be at work tomorrow. (h) Amy won’t be at work tomorrow. will won’t + not 13 13

Will Tom come home tomorrow? 10-7 ASKING QUESTIONS WITH WILL Will Tom come home tomorrow? 14 14

(b) Will they go home later ? 10-7 ASKING QUESTIONS WITH WILL QUESTION MAIN WILL + SUBJECT + VERB (b) Will they go home later ? ANSWER Yes, they will. No, they won’t. 15 15

______________________? 10-7 Let’s Practice ______________________? When will you graduate I will graduate in June. 16 16

Where will you live after college 10-7 Let’s Practice _____________________________? Where will you live after college I will live in Buenos Aires after college. 17 17

_____________________? 10-7 Let’s Practice _____________________? Will we go out for lunch Yes, we will go out for lunch. 18 18

The Ortegas will probably move into their new home next week. 3-4 SURENESS ABOUT THE FUTURE The Ortegas will probably move into their new home next week. 19

(a) I will finish my homework tonight. 3-4 SURENESS ABOUT THE FUTURE (a) I will finish my homework tonight. 100% sure will sure, fact 20

(b) Alex will probably finish his homework. 3-4 SURENESS ABOUT THE FUTURE (b) Alex will probably finish his homework. 90% sure helping verb probably

I will make spaghetti for dinner. 3-4 LET'S PRACTICE HOW SURE? 100% 90% 50% I will make spaghetti for dinner. 22

I will probably finish my homework. 3-4 LET'S PRACTICE HOW SURE? 100% 90% 50% I will probably finish my homework. 23

Maybe it will snow again tomorrow. It may snow tomorrow 3-4 LET'S PRACTICE 100% 90% 50% HOW SURE? Maybe it will snow again tomorrow. It may snow tomorrow 24

(d) Lee may quit his job. Lee may not quit his job. speaker is 3-4 SURENESS ABOUT THE FUTURE (d) Lee may quit his job. Lee may not quit his job. speaker is guessing 50% sure 25

It might snow again tomorrow. 3-4 LET'S PRACTICE HOW SURE? 100% 90% 40% I am not sure, It might snow again tomorrow. 40% sure 26

It’ll be a nice day tomorrow. 10-3 WORDS USED FOR PAST TIME AND FUTURE TIME It’ll be a nice day tomorrow. 27 27

PAST FUTURE yesterday tomorrow It snowed yesterday. It’s going to snow 10-3 WORDS USED FOR PAST TIME AND FUTURE TIME PAST FUTURE yesterday tomorrow It snowed yesterday. It’s going to snow tomorrow. 28 28

yesterday morning tomorrow morning yesterday evening tomorrow evening 10-3 WORDS USED FOR PAST TIME AND FUTURE TIME PAST FUTURE yesterday morning tomorrow morning yesterday evening tomorrow evening last night tomorrow night I went to class last night. I’m going to go to class tomorrow night. 29 29

PAST FUTURE last week next week He went to the doctor last week. 10-3 WORDS USED FOR PAST TIME AND FUTURE TIME PAST FUTURE last week next week He went to the doctor last week. He’s going to go to the doctor next week. 30 30

next last PAST FUTURE month month year year weekend weekend 10-3 WORDS USED FOR PAST TIME AND FUTURE TIME PAST FUTURE month month year year weekend weekend spring spring last next She went home last spring. She’s going to go home next spring. 31 31

... minutes ago in ... minutes (from now) 10-3 WORDS USED FOR PAST TIME AND FUTURE TIME PAST FUTURE ... minutes ago in ... minutes (from now) ... days ago in ... days (from now) ... weeks ago in ... weeks (from now) ... months ago in ... months (from now) ... years ago in ... years (from now) I washed some of the dishes ten minutes ago. Jay is going to wash the rest in five minutes. 32 32

They are going to arrive ________ weekend. next 10-3 Let’s Practice They are going to arrive ________ weekend. next yesterday last tomorrow next 33 33

They are going to play cards ________. tomorrow yesterday last 10-3 Let’s Practice They are going to play cards ________. tomorrow yesterday last tomorrow next 34 34

We went to school ____ Thursday. last 10-3 Let’s Practice We went to school ____ Thursday. last yesterday last tomorrow next 35 35

We went to see a play in New York ________. yesterday yesterday last 10-3 Let’s Practice We went to see a play in New York ________. yesterday yesterday last tomorrow next 36 36

Sam arrived here a few months ago. 10-4 USING A COUPLE OF OR A FEW WITH AGO (PAST) AND IN (FUTURE) Sam arrived here a few months ago. 37 37

numbers with ago and in (a) Ed visited me one (OR a) year ago. 10-4 USING A COUPLE OF OR A FEW WITH AGO (PAST) AND IN (FUTURE) (a) Ed visited me one (OR a) year ago. (b) I am going to be there in five minutes. (c) She went to the doctor four days ago. numbers with ago and in 38 38

(d) We saw them a couple of months ago. 10-4 USING A COUPLE OF OR A FEW WITH AGO (PAST) AND IN (FUTURE) (d) We saw them a couple of months ago. (e) He’s going to go home in a couple of months. a couple of = two 39 39

(f) They visited me a few weeks ago. 10-4 USING A COUPLE OF OR A FEW WITH AGO (PAST) AND IN (FUTURE) (f) They visited me a few weeks ago. (g) She’s going to have a baby in a few weeks. a few = a small number 40 40

They went swimming __________________. a couple of hours ago 10-4 Let’s Practice ago in a couple of hours They went swimming __________________. a couple of hours ago 41 41

She is going to go dancing __________________. in a couple of hours 10-4 Let’s Practice ago in a couple of hours She is going to go dancing __________________. in a couple of hours 42 42

The movie is going to start _____________. in a few minutes ago in 10-4 Let’s Practice ago in a few minutes The movie is going to start _____________. in a few minutes 43 43

They saw each other ___________. six years ago 10-4 Let’s Practice ago in six years They saw each other ___________. six years ago 44 44

1° TIPO (cioè 1st conditional) = possibile o probabile First conditional Esistono tre tipi fondamentali di IF-CLAUSES. La scelta di uno dei tre tipi dipende: a) dal tempo cui si riferisce la condizione; b) dal maggiore o minore grado di probabilità che essa ha di verificarsi. RICORDA: il periodo ipotetico è formato da una proposizione principale [MAIN CLAUSE] e da una proposizione secondaria introdotta da IF [IF-CLAUSE]. 1° TIPO (cioè 1st conditional) = possibile o probabile IF + PR. SIMPLE WILL+ INF senza TO If I have time, If it rains, I’ll give you a hand. I’ll stay at home.

(i) we’re going to stay home. If it snows tomorrow, 3-6 EXPRESSING THE FUTURE IN TIME CLAUSES AND IF-CLAUSES (i) we’re going to stay home. If it snows tomorrow, if + subject and verb = an if-clause 46

Going to Si usa per parlare di intentions, cioè di decisioni già prese. I’m going to take a holiday next week. Si usa per parlare di un’azione che sta per accadere o è molto probabile che accada perché ne abbiamo le prove evidenti. Rebecca’s going to have a baby.

Going to (form) She’s going to stop smoking. FORMA AFFERMATIVA She’s going to stop smoking. FORMA INTERROGATIVA Is she going to stop smoking? FORMA NEGATIVA She isn’t going to stop smoking. SOGGETTO PRES. TO BE GOING TO FORMA BASE PRES. TO BE SOGGETTO GOING TO FORMA BASE SOGGETTO PRES. NEG TO BE GOING TO FORMA BASE

Simple Present (for future) Si usa per parlare di timetables, cioè di orari di mezzi di trasporto, orari di programmi (TV, cinema, teatro) e date. Our train leaves at 8.10. This term finishes on 12th March.

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