International Aviation and Climate Change: The ICAO Contribution Jane Hupe Chief, Environment Branch ICAO

Setting the Scene Fast, reliable, and safe mode of transport Responsible for 4-8% of global economy No comparative alternatives for long haul pax transport 2.3 billion pax/year carried worldwide Scheduled pax traffic worldwide forecast to grow at 4.6% per year Aircraft produced today are 70% more fuel efficient than 40 years ago First sector with a special IPCC report (1999) Aviation’s Global CO2 Emissions, 2000 (Int’l Aviation’s Contribution was ~1.2%) Global GHG Emissions by Sector, 2004 Global Transportation CO2 Emissions, 2000 Residential and Commercial Buildings Aviation CO2 Emissions Aviation Agriculture Waste and Wastewater Transport Other Forestry Road Global CO2 Emissions Energy Supply Source: IPCC Industry

ICAO’s Three Environmental Goals for Civil Aviation Reduce the number of people exposed to significant noise Reduce the impact of aviation emissions on local air quality Reduce the impact of aviation emissions on the global climate (Let’s focus on progress achieved in regard to the third goal.)

ICAO—No progress? Since ICAO last Assembly: develop, organize, facilitate, set, innovate, assess, approve, publish, investigate, promote, support, lead by consensus, communicate, analyze, establish, disseminate, encourage, design, achieve, etc. CAEP Working Group GIACC DGCIC Meetings COP 15 Standards, Guidances, Reports, Studies CAEP/8 High Level Meeting ICAO Carbon Emissions Calculator ICAO’s role I would put here the text from Mai on the leadership of ICAO Some recent achievements on aviation emissions are noteworthy such as Developed a global framework - 3 key elements: Global aspirational goals for international aviation sector; Measures taken by States to reduce aviation emissions; and Monitoring and implementation framework (reporting mechanism) High Level Meeting Declaration: Global 2% annual fuel efficiency improvement Exploration of more ambitious goals CO2 Standard and further operational changes Framework for market-based measures Alternatives Fuels Data Collection ICAO Programme of Action on International Aviation and Climate Change

ICAO’s Three Years of Achievement 2007 ICAO Assembly mandates formation of Group on International Aviation and Climate Change (GIACC) and High-level Meeting (HLM) to develop concrete proposals in connection with the UNFCCC process

Three Years of Achievement (Cont’d) 2008 GIACC explores three elements of ICAO Programme of Action: Global aspirational fuel-efficiency goals Measures to achieve emissions reductions Measures and metrics to monitor progress

Three Years of Achievement (Cont’d) 2009 HLM develops only globally-harmonized agreement by any sector on CO2 emissions: 2% annual fuel efficiency improvement CO2 standard for aircraft Decision to develop framework for market-based measures Measures to assist developing States

Three Years of Achievement (Cont’d) 5. Collection by ICAO of international civil aviation emissions data 6. Submission to ICAO of States’ Voluntary Action Plans on Emissions Conference on Aviation and Alternative Fuels establishes ICAO Global Framework for Aviation Alternative Fuels

Three Years of Achievement (Cont’d) 2010 The Organization, States and industry continue to Explore feasibility of more ambitious goals Develop a framework for market-based measures in international aviation Elaborate on measures to assist States

Three Years of Achievement (Cont’d) CAEP 8 ICAO Colloquium on Aviation and Climate Change Further assessments Cooperation with financial institutions Global Framework on Alternative Aviation Fuels

Three Years of Achievement (Cont’d) Action plans Proposal for new policy Launch of second ICAO Environmental Report

Three Underlying Determinants of ICAO’s Actions A sense of responsibility ICAO’s commitment to environmental protection predates both Rio 92 and UNFCCC A culture of leadership # of firsts; wide UN use of carbon calculator A commitment to partnership UNFCCC, States, industry, UN system, NGOs

What We Can Expect Assembly to decide on the way forward: Medium-term global goal Process for elaboration on a long-term global goal Framework for market-based measures Assistance for States States’ action plans

Looking Ahead 2010 Challenges: Assembly and UNFCCC, then… Assembly sets a new work programme CAEP work will continue/intensify Facilitate alternative fuels development/deployment Coordinate/cooperate with other UN bodies (New climate agreement) Sustainability of aviation 2010 has been and will continue to be a very busy year. The Secretariat is preparing a number of papers aimed at informing on the Assembly on matters related to environmental protection. Those include reporting on environmental trends, alternative fuels, an update on activities in other UN bodies, the Climate Neutral UN initiative, the outcomes of the CAEP/8 meeting, and a separate paper on international aviation and climate change. I don’t have a crystal ball, but it doesn’t take one to know that in 2011 we will have a new work program as established by the Assembly. I’m quite confident that environmental issues will remain among the organization’s priorities. We also can expect that the 3 year CAEP work program that was established in February will continue. As presented earlier, the development of sustainable alternative fuels for aviation is underway. The recent ASTM D-1655 approval was the result of a collaborative effort between fuel producers, aircraft and engine manufacturers, and aircraft operators. With the green light that drop-in alternative fuels can be used, if they were available. ICAO has been in discussions with regional banks to facilitate access to financing the significant start up costs that can be a barrier for making the everyday use of those fuels a reality. We expect those discussions to advance substantially over the next year. And, perhaps we will have a new climate agreement.

More information on ICAO 'activities NEW ICAO Environmental Report 30 Sept. 2010 THANK YOU www. icao.int Slide 11 More information on ICAO’s activities Thank you gain for the opportunity to join the panel, at this point I’d be happy to take any questions.