1. Page 1 SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR AVIATION ICAO Secretariat

2. Page 2 CO 2 Emissions Trends

3. Page 3 Basket of measures Improve efficiency Aircraft technology Aircraft operations Incentivize emissions reduction Market Based Measures Introducing low carbon footprint fuels Sustainable alternative fuels

4. Page 4 “Low carbon footprint” fuel CO 2 CO 2 emitted by combustion up- taken by plant growth  Neutral Only CO 2 emitted for fuel production is accounted for in a Life Cycle Approach (LCA)* Example: biofuels * LCA: accounting for emissions all steps of the fuel life, from plant growth to end use in aircraft  Potential to reduce GHG emissions

5. Page 5 “Drop-in” fuels Road transportation biofuels not suitable for aviation Severe constraints of use on aviation fuels – Freezing point (- 47 °C) – Energy contain – … Compatibility with existing system – “DROP-IN” fuel Aviation fuels need to be approved – ASTM, DEFSTAN,… – First alternative fuels approved in 2009 and 2011

6. Page 6 Pathways to sustainable fuels Simplified view of pathways for alternative jet fuels Approved (HEFA)

7. Page 7 Example of biofuels GHG savings Source: SWAFEA * with no land use change Variation range (depending on cultivation conditions)

8. Page 8 Progress status 2 alternative fuel pathways approved Additional approvals underway First commercial flights in 2011 More than 1500 flights by July 2012 First regular flights initiated in 2013 First supply agreements signed by airlines Feasibility is demonstrated, next step is to deploy …

9. Page 9 In a nut shell Potential for significant emissions reductions – Depends on feedstock type and cultivation, conversion process… Emissions reductions achievable with existing aircraft Benefits will depend on: – the availability of such fuels and the time profile of their deployment – their actual lifecycle emissions reduction Challenges – Decreasing production cost – Investment in feedstock production and conversion facilities – Ensuring a sustainable deployment A policy support from States is required

10. Page 10 ICAO and sustainable alternative fuels A facilitator for the development and deployment – Providing fora for education, outreach and exchanges – Supporting exchange and dissemination of information – Facilitating development of standardized definitions, methodologies and processes A key actor to provide a global view – Data collection and State’s Action Plan – Projection and scenarios – Trends assessment

11. Page 11 Global Framework on Aviation Alternative Fuels (GFAAF) – A database on aviation alternative fuels (http://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/GFAAF/Pages/default.aspx)http://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/GFAAF/Pages/default.aspx ICAO’s conference and workshops – Rio de Janeiro 2009 – Montréal 2009 & 2011 Rio+20: the ICAO’s “Flightpath” initiative – Four connecting flights using biofuels from Montréal to Rio de Janeiro ICAO’s SUSTAF Experts Group – Analysis of the challenges and recommendations – Outcomes available on the GFAAF ICAO achievements

12. Page 12 Visit the GFAAF website http://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/GFAAF/Pages/default.aspx Read the SUSTAF experts group report (available on the GFAAF) Read Environmental Report chapter 4 For more information

13. Page 13 For more information on our activities, please visit ICAO’ website: http://www.icao.int/env