JOINTOPERATIONS

Bottom Line on Joint Operations The USAF doesn’t operate alone. It takes all military services working together to successfully execute & win America’s wars

Failed Hostage Rescue Video

The World Situation Define Joint Operations History of Joint Warfare Joint Doctrine Range of Operations Types of Joint Operations Joint Warfare Values Overview

Regional instability WMD proliferation Transnational threats: ethnic/economic/health/crime Military operations tempo Force structure Defense budget World Situation

History of Joint Operations Joint Warfare Joint Doctrine

1781: Battle of Yorktown – French Naval Blockade – American Ground Forces Washington Lord Cornwallis Lafayette Joint Warfare

1863: Battle of Vicksburg – Control of the Mississippi River – Teamwork: Navy, Marine, and Army Assault – 45 Day Siege

Joint Warfare 1944: Operation Overlord – Air Superiority – Sea Superiority – Special Operations

Operation Overlord (cont’d) – Leadership Eisenhower – Complete autonomy – 6,000 ships, 13,000 aircraft, 250,000 personnel from all branches Von Runstedt – No autonomy – No control over armor, air defense, or coastal artillery Joint Warfare

Desert Storm – Principles of War – Included air, land, sea forces

Joint Warfare “You may fly over a land forever; you may bomb it, atomize it, pulverize it and wipe it clean of life—but if you desire to defend it, protect it, and keep it for civilization, you must do this on the ground, the way the Roman legions did, by putting your young men into the mud.” ~ T. R. Fehrenbach, This Kind of War

Joint Warfare Afghanistan—ENDURING FREEDOM – A new kind of warfare—Network-centric – US Special Forces “composite” teams

National Security Act of 1947—Created: – Department of Defense Secretary of Defense Joint Chiefs of Staff Unified & Specified Commands – National Security Council – Central Intelligence Agency Joint Doctrine

Reorganization Act of 1958 – Defined the chain of command from the President to the services President>SecDef>Unified CC>Component CC – Unified Commands increased their operational control (OPCON) of resources

Goldwater-Nichols Reorganization Act of 1986 – Strengthened role of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) CJCS became principal military advisor to the President and SecDef – Mandated Doctrine Provides a common perspective from which to plan and operate Shapes the way we think and train for war Not a checklist that will guarantee military victory Joint Doctrine

Goldwater-Nichols Act (cont’d) – Required officers to serve in a joint billet before promotion to flag rank – Two separate branches in the military chain of command Operational Administrative Joint Doctrine

*CJCS has no operational control CJCS* CJCS* Unified Combatant Commander Components ComponentsPresident Secretary of Defense Military Departments Military Departments Operational Administrative Forces (not assigned to Combatant Commander) Joint Organization

Goldwater-Nichols Act (cont’d) – Operational Unified combatant commander in charge of all services/components Component commanders responsible for their piece Sometimes difficult to determine which service to use at a particular time and place Joint Doctrine

Goldwater-Nichols Act (cont’d) – Administrative Military departments responsible for all personnel within their service not assigned to the combatant commander Separate and distinct from the branch that contains the operational command Joint Doctrine

ArmyNavyAir ForceSpecial Operations Unified Commander Secretary of Defense President Operational Branch Land Maritime Air Special Ops Simple Chain President Secretary of Defense Unified Commander/Joint Forces Commander

The Joint Campaign Objective – Usually set by the President and Secretary of Defense – Unified Combatant Commander decides best way to accomplish objective

The Joint Campaign Military Strengths – Each service brings unique strengths and weaknesses to the joint environment

Navy Conducts prompt and sustained operations at and from the sea

Conducts amphibious landings and ground operations Marine Corps

Army Conducts prompt and sustained land combat operations

Uses air and space power to exploit the aerospace environment Air Force

The difficult task is determining which service to use at a particular time and place because each service brings unique strengths and weaknesses to the joint environment. Joint Campaign

Joint Shopping List – Strategic Strike Capability Air Force > Navy > Army and Marine Corps* – Guerrilla/Urban Warfare Army > Marine Corps > Air Force and Navy* – Forced Entry Marine Corps > Army > Air Force and Navy* – Control Ground Army > Marine Corps > Navy and Air Force* * Services listed from most likely to least likely Joint Campaign

How We Fight Video

Blackhawk Down

Military Engagement, Security Cooperation, and Deterrence Crisis Response and Contingency Operations Range of Military Operations Major Operations and Campaigns Scale of Operations

Natural Part of War Escalation Desert Shield De-Escalation Northern and Southern Watch Crisis response/Engagement/Major operation/Deterrence/Contingency TIME

Types of Operations Arms Control and Disarmament Combating Terrorism Counterdrug Operations Enforcement of Sanctions Freedom of Navigation

Types of Operations (cont’d) Nation Assistance Protection of Shipping Show of Force Support to Insurgency Noncombat Evacuation Operation

Types of Operations (cont’d) Peace Operations Foreign Humanitarian Assistance Recovery Operations Consequence Management Strikes and Raids

Support to Homeland Security Major Combat Operations – Offensive – Defensive – Stability Types of Operations (cont’d)

Integrity – Say what you mean &do what you say Competence – Those you lead deserve no less Physical Courage – You never know when… Moral Courage – Always do what is right Teamwork – Essential to Joint Operations Joint Force Values

The World Situation Define Joint Operations History of Joint Warfare Joint Doctrine Range of Operations Types of Joint Operations Joint Warfare Values Summary

Tomorrow… KOSOVO DAGESTAN TAIWAN SUDAN NIGERIA INDIA ALGERIA VENEZUELA COLOMBIA ECUADOR LIBERIA WEST BANK ERITHEA CHINA PAKISTAN EAST TIMOR HURRICANE RELIEF SRI LANKA YEMEN ZIMBABWE AFGHANISTAN Where will you be?

Questions?