1 Linking Buildings Using Wireless Basics involved in creating data links over 2.4 and 5GHz wireless

2 Types of wireless links Simple single remote building direct to a single central building: point-to-point (PTP) links. Multiple remote buildings direct to a single central building: point-to- multipoint (PTM) links.

3 Types of wireless links PTP or PTM links using repeaters to dog-leg around obstructions. Meshing systems where a spiders web of repeater nodes interconnect giving multiple routes connecting clients and sites together.

4 Wireless Basics A wireless link will consist of one radio device at one end talking to another A few basics.

5 WiFi doesn’t see through walls or obstructions An Antenna doesn’t make signal

6 Do a link budget Set the data link speed to the link speed you actually need for the job

7 Too much gun! Keep the antenna cables short

8 Antenna Choices Directional Tight beam Longer range Cone of signal beam Ideal for PTP or for clients in PTM Side ViewTop View

9 Antenna Choices Omni 360 degree horizontal beam All round coverage Thin in the vertical plane Ideal for Point-to-Multipoint Side ViewTop View

10 Antenna Choices Sector Wide horizontal beam Well defined coverage Thin in the vertical plane Good gain Ideal for Point-to-Multipoint Side View Top View

11 In order to get the best radio signal you should use outdoor radio devices Outdoor Bridging Units

12 Choices for 2.4GHz Bridging Units EnGenius 2610 Built in 10dB directional antenna External antenna connection PoE Compact Design 108Meg ‘Super G’ LED signal indicators

13 A Simple Example The best way to illustrate setting up a wireless data link is to go over a simple example. The aim is a data link between two houses a couple of Km apart. The preferred product is the EOC-2610

14 Site Installation Find a Suitable Mounting point Attach the bridging unit Run LAN cable Similar setup for the other end

15 Configuring the 2610

16 A Repeating Network WDS Wireless Distribution System Multiple access points Preserves the MAC addresses of client packets A station accepts connections from wireless clients and passes them down the line. All base stations use the same radio channel and security settings. The repeaters will bridge and accept wireless clients at the same time. Throughput is halved for each repeater. Only works with other WDS units. Roaming

17 A Repeating Network Universal Repeater As the name suggests, should repeat from anything Each unit is AP + Client Essentially two networks; different SSID MAC may not be transparent. All base stations use the same radio channel and security settings. The repeaters will bridge and accept wireless clients at the same time. Throughput is halved for each repeater. No Roaming

18 5GHz networking Frequency range 5.1 to 5.8GHz Better non-line-of-site operation – better scatter, and OFDM. Less affected by water vapour in the air More secure and less interference Higher legal power limits Same functionality as 2.4GHz Reduced range for same power (vs 2.4GHz)

19 Three Frequency Bands Band A MHz; indoor use Band B MHz; indoor or outdoor use Band C MHz; outdoor fixed points (only 3 channels)

20 Band B Frequency Band IR2006 1W EIRP Fixed or Mobile Wireless Access License free DFS and TPC 11 non-overlapping channels 1-5Km range

21 Band C Frequency Band IR2007 4W EIRP, density of 23dBm/MHz Fixed Wireless Access A license is required DFS and TPC Only channels 149, 153, 157 can be used 2-10Km range

Bridging Units 2 different models: NOC-8610PLUS with 16dB directional NOC-8610EXT with antenna connector IR2007 Band C, licensed PoE Compact Design Multiple Operating Modes

23 Configuring the 8610

24 11n WiFi MIMO M(tx) x N(rx) antenna Spatial Multiplexing – Multiple Spatial Streams multiplexed onto single channel split over multiple antenna Space-Time Block Coding – same stream over several antenna Transmit Beamforming – signal steering by altering the phase 40MHz channels Improved Coding Schemes –Reduced Guide Interval –Block Ack –Frame Aggregation

25 The MIMO-24JNR-8DB Dual Polarization 8dBi antenna Alignment Tools Passive PoE (24V) 11n Draft 2.0 PHY rates up to 300Mbps –True TCP 83Mbps 7 Operating Modes –Access Point –Client –Wireless Routing Client –Gateway –Wireless Adapter Mode –Transparent Client

26 MESH Networks Repeating, radio nodes Intelligent routing protocols High degree of redundancy and dynamic routing Routes between nodes only as desired by originating nodes Loop-free, self-starting

27 Advanced Routing Best route used Self healing

28 Typical Applications Anywhere where you have problems with line of site or require a particularly high resilience for clients e.g. Caravan sites Villages or communities Holiday parks Marinas etc...

29 Mesh Nodes Single Radio Dual Radio oDifferent Client/Backhaul oClient 2.4GHz o5Ghz Backhaul Layer 2 vs 3 oNo IP address oMAC address of WLAN oSupports all layer 3 protocols e.g. IP, DHCP, IPv6, IPX, etc

Meshing Unit Dual Radio Layer 2 Mesh Self Configuration and Healing Band C/IR2007 Multiple SSID VLAN Pass through VPN Pass through PoE

31 Time for Coffee