1. Slide 1Thursday, June 30, 2005 1 12/05/03 EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN WIRELESS Jack H. Winters Chief Scientist, Motia jwinters@motia.com

2. Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 2 Outline Technologies Service Limitations Multiplatform Systems Conclusions

3. Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 3 New wireless technologies: Physical Layer: WiFi (IEEE802.11a/b/g, n) WiMax UWB Bluetooth EvDO RFID Zigbee Applications: VoIP Interconnection: Mesh networks, WLAN-WWAN convergence SUMMARY

4. Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 4 Wireless System Enhancements 10 feet100 feet1 mile10 miles 100 kbps 1 Mbps 10 Mbps 100 Mbps 2G/3G Wireless 0.9, 2GHz BlueTooth 2.4GHz 802.11a/g 2.4, 5.5GHz Unlicensed 802.11b 2.4GHz Unlicensed Peak Data Rate Range 2 mph10 mph30 mph 60 mph $ 500,000 $ 1000 $ 100 $ 500 $ 100 $ 10 $/Cell $/Sub High performance/price High ubiquity and mobility Mobile Speed Enhanced UWB 3.1-10.6 GHz WiMAX

5. Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 5 Service Limitations of Wireless Quality of service for each user is not consistent: – Too far away from the access point/base station/etc. – Behind a wall – In a dead spot – Working off a battery, as with a laptop – Suffering from low bandwidth due to range/interference –VoIP applications cannot tolerate fading or brief outages

6. Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 6 Solutions Change among platforms to maximize performance Further enhance performance of each system through: –Smart Antennas Being implemented today (e.g., MIMO) –Ad Hoc Networks Interconnections of multiple clients –Combination of Smart Antennas with Ad Hoc Networks (can give greater gains than the sum of the two)

7. Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 7 Multiplatform Devices Multimode devices adapt to maximize performance, minimize cost and/or power: –Laptops with WiFi, WiMax, and Cellular (GSM, EDGE, WCDMA, EvDO) –Handsets with WiFi and Cellular: VoIP Single spatial stream 802.11n under discussion

8. Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 8 A smart antenna is a multi-element antenna where the signals received at each antenna element are intelligently combined to improve the performance of the wireless system. The reverse is performed on transmit. Smart antennas can: Increase signal range Suppress interfering signals Combat signal fading Increase the capacity of wireless systems Smart Antennas

9. Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 9 Antenna gain of M Suppression of M-1 interferers M-fold multipath diversity gain (with multipath) With M Tx antennas (MIMO), M-fold data rate increase in same channel with same total transmit power (with multipath) SIGNAL OUTPUT BEAM SELECT SIGNAL BEAMFORMER Switched Multibeam Smart Antennas Simple beam tracking limited interference suppression limited diversity gain SIGNAL INTERFERENCE BEAMFORMER WEIGHTS Adaptive Antenna Array SIGNAL OUTPUT

10. Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 10 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Radio With M transmit and M receive antennas, can provide M independent channels, to increase data rate M- fold with no increase in total transmit power (with sufficient multipath) – only an increase in DSP –Indoors – up to 150-fold increase in theory –Outdoors – 8-12-fold increase typical Measurements (e.g., AT&T) show 4x data rate & capacity increase in all mobile & indoor/outdoor environments (4 TX and 4 RX antennas) –216 Mbps 802.11a (4X 54 Mbps) –1.5 Mbps EDGE –19 Mbps WCDMA

11. Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 11 WiFi/WiMax (4 antennas) –13 dB (one side), 18 dB (both sides) – > 2-4 times range, throughput Cellular (4 antennas): –>6 dB gain on receive – 2X range, throughput Gains for with Smart Antennas

12. Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 12 WiFi, WiMax, Cellular: –Use one array (4 antennas) for all platforms –Digital interface from array (RFIC) to BB/MACs Cable from laptop display back or handset case –Standard in development: JC-61 (initially for 802.11n) – single merged proposal at next meeting in July Multiplatform Smart Antenna Systems

13. Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 13 JEDEC Standard JC-61 Block Diagram 802.11n, WiMax, Cellular RFIC 802.11n, WiMax, Cellular Baseband/MAC Processor Host Interface Baseband I/Q Control Signals RX_CLK RX_DATA TX_DATA TX_CLK JESD96 Interface: A/D, D/A, Control Logic

14. Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 14 Mobile Ad Hoc/Mesh Networks Network of wireless hosts which may be mobile No pre-existing infrastructure Multiple hops for routing Neighbors and routing changes with time (mobility, environment)

15. Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 15 Impact of Smart Antennas in Ad Hoc Networks Since smart antennas are a physical layer technique, existing approaches for MAC/routing in ad hoc networks will work with smart antennas, but these MAC/routing techniques need to be modified to achieve the full benefit Need to use hooks: –Hooks for frequency assignment techniques to include reusing a frequency (up to M-1 times). –Hooks for the inclusion of multiple radio capability to include multiple radios in the same channel. –This can be done in such a way to actually reduce the complexity of the MAC/routing algorithms.

16. Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 16 Conclusions Wide variety of wireless technologies, each with different capabilities –Multiplatform devices will allow for adaptation among platforms to maximize performance –Smart antennas and ad hoc network techniques with these various platforms will further enhance and overcome most of current wireless limitations Adaptation of platforms, signal processing, and interconnection techniques may look confusing, but if done correctly will lead to high performance, ubiquitous wireless systems, without requiring user sophistication