English 11- Unit 9 Nature in Danger Grammar: Reduced Relative clauses

Content Introduction Examples Exercises

Introduction Definition Types of Reduced Relative Clause

Definition A Reduced Relative Clause: a Relative Clause formed with a participle and NO relative pronoun

Types of Reduced Relative Clauses Relative Clauses Reduced by TO+ Base Form of Verb Relative Clauses Reduced Participles

Relative Clauses Reduced by TO+ Inf. After the first, second… the last, next, the only… and sometimes a superlative Ex: He is the first man who comes and the last man who leaves. He is the first man to come and the last man to leave.

Relative Clauses Reduced by TO+ Inf. After a (pro) noun when there is an idea of purpose, obligation, permission of subject’s wishes Ex: They need a garden where they can play in. They need a garden to play in.

Relative Clauses Reduced Participles We use a present participle in place of an active verb. Ex: Do you know the woman who is talking to Tam? Do you know the woman talking to Tam?

Relative Clauses Reduced Participles We use a past participle in place of a passive verb. Ex: The boy who was injured in the accident was take to the hospital.  The boy injured in the accident was take to the hospital.

Examples 1. Climbers bring with them canisters that contain fuel to cook their meal.  Climbers bring with them canisters containing fuel to cook their meal. 2. We are concerned about people who are being held in prison without a trial.  We are concerned about people being held in prison without a trial.

Examples 3. Most of the food which are made in this factory are exported.  Most of the food made in this factory are exported. 4. They saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm.  They saw many houses destroyed by the storm.

Examples 5. Have you got a key that can unlock this door? Have you got a key to unlock this door? 6. We have some picture books that children can read. We have some picture books for children to read.

Exercises 1. Task 1 2. Task 2 3. Task 3

Task 1 Divide class into 6 groups Look at the task The group giving the answer first will take 1 point. At the end, which group has more point is the winner.

Task 1 Reduce relative clauses to phrases: 1. The man who is sitting there is a clown. The man sitting there is a clown. 2. The city which was destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt. The city destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt.

Task 1 3. The system which is used here is very successful. The system used here is very successful. 4. All students who don’t hand in their papers will fail in the exam.  All students not handing in their papers will fail in the exam.

Task 1 5. He was the second man who was killed in this way. 6. There is a bench over there that your children can sit on. There is a bench over there for your children to sit on.

Task 2 Complete the sentences using the following verbs in the correct verb form

Task 2 read call invite sit offer ring ringing I was woken up by a bell ……… Some of the people …….... to the party can’t come. A few days after the interview, I received a letter ………. me a job. Somebody……….Jack phoned while you were out. The waiting room was empty except for a young man …….. by the window .……… a magazine. invited offering called sitting reading

Task 3 Divide class into 4 groups Make as many correct sentences as possible Which group make the more correct one is the winner The winner will win 1 big present from the teacher.

Task 3 Use the words in the brackets to make sentences using REDUCED RELATIVE clauses 1. The house was empty. (nobody/ live/ in/ it) There was no body living in it. 2. The accident wasn’t serious. (no one/ injure) There was no one injured. 3. The piece of paper was blank. (nothing/ write/ on it) There was nothing written on it. 4. We were the only guests at this hotel. (no body else/ stay here) There was nobody else staying here.

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