1 and Part III Greenhouse Effect, Deforestation, Global Warming

2 Why do WE need to Reduce? Global Warming is a factGlobal Warming is a fact China and India will soon surpass U.S.A. in Greenhouse gas emissionChina and India will soon surpass U.S.A. in Greenhouse gas emission If we do nothing, they will continue to do nothing (The Economist 9/9/06)If we do nothing, they will continue to do nothing (The Economist 9/9/06)

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4 What can we do? Build GreenBuild Green

5 Build Green

6 What can we do? Build GreenBuild Green Use Electricity not from Fossil FuelsUse Electricity not from Fossil Fuels

7 Green Electricity

8 Deep Heat Mining and Geothermal energy is the only renewable source of energy which can be tapped round the year and the day with no need of storage facilities –one injection well and one production well. –cold water is pumped down and circulates through the fractured reservoir –natural heat exchanger delivers hot and pressurized water to the production wells –energy is converted into power by means of a turbine-generator unit –excess heat is used for space heating –cooled water is then reinjected at depth –closed-loop system provides CO 2 -free energy.

9 Deep Heat Mining

10 What can we do? Build GreenBuild Green Use Electricity not from Fossil FuelsUse Electricity not from Fossil Fuels Hydrogen or Solar-Powered VehiclesHydrogen or Solar-Powered Vehicles

11 Hydrogen Powered Vehicles

12 What can we do? Build GreenBuild Green Use Electricity not from Fossil FuelsUse Electricity not from Fossil Fuels Hydrogen Powered VehiclesHydrogen Powered Vehicles Invest in Green CompaniesInvest in Green Companies

13 Invest Green Financial Analyst Journal Annual Return 1995 to 2003Annual Return 1995 to 2003 Portfolio of CompaniesPortfolio of Companies –Non Green Companies – 8.9% –Green Companies – 12.2%

14 What can we do? Build GreenBuild Green Use Electricity not from Fossil FuelsUse Electricity not from Fossil Fuels Hydrogen Powered VehiclesHydrogen Powered Vehicles Invest in GreenInvest in Green Remove the CO 2 from the AtmosphereRemove the CO 2 from the Atmosphere

15 Carbon Sequestration Three primary types of carbon sequestration. –Enhancing natural processes (Plant a tree) –Carbon dioxide capture and storage –Baking Soda [Encyclopedia of Energy (2004)].Encyclopedia of Energy (2004)

16 Carbon Sequestration The Sleipner project in Norway's North Sea is the world's first commercial carbon dioxide capture and storage project Started in 1996, it sequesters about one million metric tons of carbon dioxide each year

17 Can Baking Soda curb Global Warming? Staff Writer, CNET News.com November 27, 2007, 4:00 AM PST “Jones, the founder and CEO of Skyonic, has come up with an industrial process called SkyMine that captures 90 percent of the carbon dioxide coming out of smoke stacks and mixes it with sodium hydroxide to make sodium bicarbonate, or baking soda. The energy required for the reaction to turn the chemicals into baking soda comes from the waste heat from the factory. The system also removes 97 percent of the heavy metals, as well as most of the sulfur and nitrogen compounds, Jones said.”

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19 What can we do? Build GreenBuild Green Use Electricity not from Fossil FuelsUse Electricity not from Fossil Fuels Hydrogen Powered VehiclesHydrogen Powered Vehicles Invest in Green CompaniesInvest in Green Companies Remove the CO 2 from the AtmosphereRemove the CO 2 from the Atmosphere Encourage Ratification of Kyoto ProtocolEncourage Ratification of Kyoto Protocol

20 Goals of Kyoto Protocol Reduction of greenhouse gases to below 1990 levels: 5.2% world wide reduction on average by % for Canada by When sufficient countries ratify the Protocol (at least 55 countries comprising at least 55% of emissions), Protocol comes into effect USA - 25% of emissions

21 What can we do? Build GreenBuild Green Use electricity not from fossil fuelsUse electricity not from fossil fuels Hydrogen Powered VehiclesHydrogen Powered Vehicles Invest in Green CompaniesInvest in Green Companies Remove the CO 2 from the AtmosphereRemove the CO 2 from the Atmosphere Encourage Ratification of Kyoto ProtocolEncourage Ratification of Kyoto Protocol Cut back on the eating of Red MeatCut back on the eating of Red Meat

Year Index (1900 = 100) Carbon dioxide Methane Nitrous oxide

Contribution to Greenhouse Effect

25 Cattle and Methane Cattle and other ruminant animals –Methane is by-product of digestion Organisms in their stomachs break down fiber in grasses and grains they eat

26 Environmental Protection Agency Methane Source2003 Fossil Fuel Production37.6% Landfills and Wastewater Treatment 30.8% Cattle 28.3% Other3.3% Total for U.S.100%

27 Methane is 20 to 60 times as strong of a greenhouse gas as CO2

29 This is the Island known as Earth Do not trash it