The Roaring 20’s America After WWI

Warm-Up Update your Table of Contents Write your homework – have it stamped by Ms. Sarnelli! Your “Acting Out the Roaring 20’s presentation will be Friday! STUDY for your WWI Quiz! Date Session # Activity Page 2/20 6 “Acting Out the Roaring 20’s” Project Guide 8

Quick Clip Intro to the Roaring 20’s http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/30246-assignment-discovery-roaring-20s-video.htm

“Acting Out the Roaring 20’s” Each group will receive an important portion of the “Roaring 20’s” – it is your job to research and put together a short but jazzy presentation Requirements: (10 points each) Information: accurate, quality information about the topic Creativity: some sort of flair – costumes, music, video, live poetry, slide show, performance Group Grade: Everyone must have a part/participate and give their top notch performance!

“Acting Out the Roaring 20’s” How I would do this… Start with a brief introduction of your topic as it relates to the 1920’s Move in to your presentation; for example, if I had Arts, Literature & Poetry – poetry slam with a slide show of artwork behind you Closing statement that sums up your presentation…and you are done!!!

“A Return to Normalcy” This became Warren G. Harding’s campaign slogan when he accidentally messed up the word, “Normality” Americans loved it and elected him

Fighting the Recession After WWI, 2 million soldiers were looking for work Factories were closing because they were no longer getting orders for wartime goods from European nations

Republicans Rule the 1920s “HARD”-”COOL”-”HOOV” Warren G. Harding 1921-1923 (died in office) “HARD”-”COOL”-”HOOV” All the presidents of the 1920s were Republican The names of the 3 presidents are Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover Warren G. Harding died in office, probably due to shock Calvin Coolidge 1923-1929 Herbert Hoover 1929-1933

President Harding’s Corrupt Cabinet Secretary of the Treasury: Andrew Mellon, a wealthy financier Secretary of Commerce: Herbert Hoover, famous for his food raising efforts during WWI “Ohio Gang”: Harding’s old friends from Ohio who were corrupt and stole money from the government

Charles Forbes One of Harding’s old buddies Head of the Veteran’s Bureau Stole millions of dollars from the bureau “I can take care of my enemies all right, but my…friends, they’re the ones that keep me walking the floors at night!” –Hoover Herbert Hoover was very hard-working and honest, but his friends were not After a bunch of betrayals, Harding died of a heart attack in August, 1923

The Teapot Dome Scandal Secretary of the Interior, Albert Fall accepted a bribe to lease government land to oil executives One of these areas was called “Teapot Dome” in Wyoming Fall was sent to prison

Vice President Calvin Coolidge Becomes President “Silent Cal” spoke and spent little (Harding loved to throw parties and give long speeches) He forced corrupt officials to resign He was re-elected in 1924 with the slogan “Keep Cool With Coolidge”

From War Goods to Consumer Goods Coolidge cut regulations on businesses Americans’ incomes rose People began to buy refrigerators, radios, vacuums, and other appliances Businesses began to advertise their products

“Coolidge Prosperity” “The business of America is business. The man who builds a factory builds a temple. The man who works there worships there. Calvin Coolidge What does President Calvin Coolidge believe American Prosperity rests on?

Buying on Credit Installment Buying= Buying on Credit (Buy now, pay later) Demands for goods jumped, but so did Americans’ debt “If we want anything, all we have to do is go and buy it on credit. So that leaves us without any economic problems whatsoever, except that perhaps some day to have to pay for them.” –Comedian Will Rogers

Soaring Stock Market By the late 1920s, more people were investing in the stock market People became rich overnight Bull Market: Period of rapidly increasing stock prices Prices of stocks rose more quickly than the value of the companies themselves

American Foreign Policy in the 1920s Most all Americans (including Harding and Coolidge) wanted to remain “isolationist” HOWEVER: 1. The U.S. still needed to protect economic interests in Mexico 2. The U.S. gave $10 million in aid to Russia during a famine 3. The U.S. still signed the “Kellogg-Briand Pact” with 61 other nations (which outlawed war)

-Section of the Kellogg-Briand Pact “Hopeful that, encouraged by their example, all the other nations of the world will join in this humane endeavor and by adhering to the present Treaty as soon as it comes into force bring their peoples within the scope of its beneficent provisions, thus uniting the civilized nations of the world in a common renunciation of war as an instrument of their national policy” -Section of the Kellogg-Briand Pact http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/imt/kbpact.htm

Women Gain the Right to Vote 19th Amendment in 1920 gave women the right to vote Carrie Chapman Catt set up the League of Women Voters This group tried to educate voters and ensure the right of women to serve on juries

Ana Roque de Duprey Fought for the right to vote for women in Puerto Rico Puerto Rican women got the right to vote in 1929

Life Changes for Women Women were told to go back home when the men came home to the factories after WWI Many women stayed in the workforce as typists, cleaners, cooks, servants, seamstresses, teachers, secretaries, and store clerks Many women bought ready-made clothing instead of making their own Many women bought appliances to help them with housework after working a full day outside of the home

Impact of the Automobile Car sales grew rapidly in the 1920s because Henry Ford’s assembly line made them so cheap General Motors also became a popular seller of cars

Changing Lifestyles Due to the Automobile Millions of jobs were created through factories, oil refineries, roads, highways, truck stops, gas stations, restaurants and tourist stops Many Americans began to move to the suburbs to escape crowded conditions in cities

Mass Culture Radio Movies (Above, lines outside a movie theatre) (Left, family listening to the radio

The Jazz Age Fashion Fads, flappers Marathon Dancing

More Fads Flagpole sitting: Where young people would sit for hours and even days on top of a flagpole. (The record: 21 days!)

The Dance Craze The Charleston Has a quick beat Dancers kick out their feet Popular dance for Flappers: Women who wore short skirts (to the knees), bright red lipstick, hair cut short, smoked and drank in public, and drove fast cars

New Music Jazz: Born in New Orleans, created by African Americans, combination of West African rhythms, African American songs and spirituals, European harmonies Listen to the song “Heebie Jeebies- What different rhythms can you recognize? Famous jazz musicians: Louis Armstrong, Bessie Smith, “Jelly Roll” Morton

A New Generation of American Writers Depressed about their awful experiences in World War I Criticized Americans for being obsessed with money and fun Many became expatriates (people who leave their own country to live in a foreign land) and moved to Europe

Ernest Hemingway Wrote about experiences of Americans during WWI and in Europe Wrote A Farewell to Arms, The Sun Also Rises, The Old Man in the Sea

F. Scott Fitzgerald Wrote about wealthy young people who go to constant parties but cannot find happiness He wrote The Great Gatsby His characters had flappers, bootleggers, and movie makers

Sinclair Lewis Grew up in a small town in Minnesota and moved to New York City He wrote books about rural people from a city person’s perspective (making them look stupid) Wrote Main Street and Babbitt

The Harlem Renaissance In the 1920s, many African American artists settled in Harlem, New York City Black artists, musicians, and writers celebrated their African and American heritage

Harlem Renaissance Poets Claude McKay: From Jamaica, wrote the poem, “If We Must Die” that condemned lynchings Countee Cullen: Taught high school in Harlem, wrote of the experiences of African Americans

Zora Neale Hurston Write novels, short essays, short stories Traveled throughout the South in a battered car collecting folk tales, songs, and prayers of black southerners Published these in her book, “Mules and Men”

Langston Hughes Most well-known of the Harlem Renaissance poets Also wrote plays, short stories, and essays First poem, “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” Encouraged African Americans to be proud of their heritage Protested racism and acts of violence against blacks

“The night is beautiful, So the faces of my people. The stars are beautiful, So the eyes of my people. Beautiful also, is the sun. Beautiful also, are the souls of my people.” -Langston Hughes, “In My People”

Heroes of the 1920s Athletes: Bobby Jones: Won nearly every golfing championship Jack Dempsey: Heavyweight boxing champion for 7 years Bill Tilden and Helen Willis: Tennis champions Gertrude Ederle: 1st woman to swim the English Channel

Babe Ruth Grew up in an orphanage Often in trouble as a boy Hit 60 homeruns in one season, and 714 overall Called the “Sultan of Swat”

Charles Lindbergh The greatest hero of the 1920s The first person to fly an airplane across the Atlantic Ocean alone Flew from New York to Paris Called “Lucky Lindy” because he had to fly for 33 ½ hours and didn’t carry a parachute, a radio, or a map

“The Noble Experiment” Prohibition How did Prohibition help lead to organized Crime????

Prohibition 19th Amendment (Prohibition Amendment) banned alcohol – why? Began the age of bootlegging, speakeasies, organized crime, mobsters like Al Capone 21st Amendment – repealed Prohibition

Warm-Up Update your Table of Contents Grab a “Roaring 20’s Presentation” Note Taker so you know the order of the presentations Run through your Roaring 20’s presentation one last time! Date Session # Activity Page 2/22 7 “Acting Out the Roaring 20’s” Note Taker (turn in for a grade, paste on page 9 when it is returned!) 9

A Roaring 20’s Review Just the Facts – “The Roaring 20’s” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnJ4Oavs538