1. The Roaring 20’s America After WWI

2. Politics of the 20’s

3. “A Return to Normalcy” This became Warren G. Harding’s campaign slogan when he accidentally messed up the word, “Normality” Americans loved it and elected him

4. Fighting the Recession After WWI, 2 million soldiers were looking for work Factories were closing because they were no longer getting orders for wartime goods from European nations

5. Republicans Rule the 1920s “HARD”-”COOL”-”HOOV” All the presidents of the 1920s were Republican The names of the 3 presidents are Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover Warren G. Harding died in office, probably due to shock Warren G. Harding 1921- 1923 (died in office) Calvin Coolidge 1923-1929 Herbert Hoover 1929-1933

6. President Harding’s Corrupt Cabinet Secretary of the Treasury: Andrew Mellon, a wealthy financier Secretary of Commerce: Herbert Hoover, famous for his food raising efforts during WWI Charles Forbes: Head of the Veteran’s Bureau, One of Harding’s old buddies, Stole millions of dollars from the bureau “Ohio Gang”: Harding’s old friends from Ohio who were corrupt and stole money from the government

7. Harding’s ethics “I can take care of my enemies all right, but my…friends, they’re the ones that keep me walking the floors at night!” –Harding Harding was very hard-working and honest, but his friends were not After a bunch of betrayals, Harding died of a heart attack in August, 1923

8. The Teapot Dome Scandal Secretary of the Interior, Albert Fall accepted a bribe to lease government land to oil executives One of these areas was called “Teapot Dome” in Wyoming Fall was sent to prison

9. Vice President Calvin Coolidge Becomes President “Silent Cal” spoke and spent little (Harding loved to throw parties and give long speeches) He forced corrupt officials to resign He was re-elected in 1924 with the slogan “Keep Cool With Coolidge”

10. From War Goods to Consumer Goods Coolidge cut regulations on businesses Americans’ incomes rose People began to buy refrigerators, radios, vacuums, and other appliances Businesses began to advertise their products

11. “Coolidge Prosperity” “The business of America is business. The man who builds a factory builds a temple. The man who works there worships there. “The business of America is business. The man who builds a factory builds a temple. The man who works there worships there. Calvin CoolidgeCalvin Coolidge What does President Calvin Coolidge believe American Prosperity rests on?

12. American Foreign Policy in the 1920s Most all Americans (including Harding and Coolidge) wanted to remain “isolationist” HOWEVER: 1. The U.S. still needed to protect economic interests in Mexico 2. The U.S. gave $10 million in aid to Russia during a famine 3. The U.S. still signed the “Kellogg-Briand Pact” with 61 other nations (which outlawed war)

13. “Hopeful that, encouraged by their example, all the other nations of the world will join in this humane endeavor and by adhering to the present Treaty as soon as it comes into force bring their peoples within the scope of its beneficent provisions, thus uniting the civilized nations of the world in a common renunciation of war as an instrument of their national policy” -Section of the Kellogg-Briand Pact http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/imt/kbpact.htm

14. Women Gain the Right to Vote 19 th Amendment in 1920 gave women the right to vote Carrie Chapman Catt set up the League of Women Voters This group tried to educate voters and ensure the right of women to serve on juries

15. Ana Roque de Duprey Fought for the right to vote for women in Puerto Rico Puerto Rican women got the right to vote in 1929

16. Life Changes for Women Women were told to go back home when the men came home to the factories after WWI Many women stayed in the workforce as typists, cleaners, cooks, servants, seamstresses, teachers, secretaries, and store clerks Many women bought ready-made clothing instead of making their own Many women bought appliances to help them with housework after working a full day outside of the home

17. Economics of the 20’s

18. Buying on Credit Installment Buying= Buying on Credit (Buy now, pay later) Demands for goods jumped, but so did Americans’ debt “If we want anything, all we have to do is go and buy it on credit. So that leaves us without any economic problems whatsoever, except that perhaps some day to have to pay for them.” –Comedian Will Rogers

19. Soaring Stock Market By the late 1920s, more people were investing in the stock market People became rich overnight Bull Market: Period of rapidly increasing stock prices Prices of stocks rose more quickly than the value of the companies themselves

20. Impact of the Automobile Car sales grew rapidly in the 1920s because Henry Ford’s assembly line made them so cheap General Motors also became a popular seller of cars

21. Changing Lifestyles Due to the Automobile Millions of jobs were created through factories, oil refineries, roads, highways, truck stops, gas stations, restaurants and tourist stops Many Americans began to move to the suburbs to escape crowded conditions in cities

22. Mass Culture Radio Movies (Above, lines outside a movie theatre) (Left, family listening to the radio

23. The Jazz Age Fashion Fads, flappers Marathon Dancing

24. More Fads Flagpole sitting: Where young people would sit for hours and even days on top of a flagpole. (The record: 21 days!) Flagpole sitting: Where young people would sit for hours and even days on top of a flagpole. (The record: 21 days!)

25. The Dance Craze The Charleston Has a quick beat Dancers kick out their feetDancers kick out their feet Popular dance for Flappers: Women who wore short skirts (to the knees), bright red lipstick, hair cut short, smoked and drank in public, and drove fast cars

26. New Music Jazz: Born in New Orleans, created by African Americans, combination of West African rhythms, African American songs and spirituals, European harmonies Listen to the song “Heebie Jeebies- What different rhythms can you recognize?Heebie Jeebies Famous jazz musicians: Louis Armstrong, Bessie Smith, “Jelly Roll” Morton

27. Prohibition ” “The Noble Experiment”

28. 18 =

29. A New Generation of American Writers Depressed about their awful experiences in World War I Criticized Americans for being obsessed with money and fun Many became expatriates (people who leave their own country to live in a foreign land) and moved to Europe

30. Ernest Hemingway Wrote about experiences of Americans during WWI and in Europe Wrote A Farewell to Arms, The Sun Also Rises, The Old Man in the Sea

31. F. Scott Fitzgerald  Wrote about wealthy young people who go to constant parties but cannot find happiness  He wrote The Great Gatsby  His characters had flappers, bootleggers, and movie makers

32. Sinclair Lewis Grew up in a small town in Minnesota and moved to New York City Grew up in a small town in Minnesota and moved to New York City He wrote books about rural people from a city person’s perspective (making them look stupid) He wrote books about rural people from a city person’s perspective (making them look stupid) Wrote Main Street and Babbitt Wrote Main Street and Babbitt

33. The Harlem Renaissance In the 1920s, many African American artists settled in Harlem, New York City Black artists, musicians, and writers celebrated their African and American heritage

35. Harlem Renaissance Poets Claude McKay: From Jamaica, wrote the poem, “If We Must Die” that condemned lynchings Countee Cullen: Taught high school in Harlem, wrote of the experiences of African Americans

36. Zora Neale Hurston Write novels, short essays, short stories Write novels, short essays, short stories Traveled throughout the South in a battered car collecting folk tales, songs, and prayers of black southerners Traveled throughout the South in a battered car collecting folk tales, songs, and prayers of black southerners Published these in her book, “Mules and Men” Published these in her book, “Mules and Men”

37. Langston Hughes Most well-known of the Harlem Renaissance poets Most well-known of the Harlem Renaissance poets Also wrote plays, short stories, and essays Also wrote plays, short stories, and essays First poem, “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” First poem, “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” Encouraged African Americans to be proud of their heritage Encouraged African Americans to be proud of their heritage Protested racism and acts of violence against blacks Protested racism and acts of violence against blacks

38. “The night is beautiful, So the faces of my people. The stars are beautiful, So the eyes of my people. Beautiful also, is the sun. Beautiful also, are the souls of my people.” -Langston Hughes, “In My People”

39. Heroes of the 1920’s

40. Athletes –Bobby Jones: Won nearly every golfing championship –Jack Dempsey: Heavyweight boxing champion for 7 years –Bill Tilden and Helen Willis: Tennis champions –Gertrude Ederle: 1 st woman to swim the English Channel

41. Babe Ruth Grew up in an orphanage Often in trouble as a boy Hit 60 homeruns in one season, and 714 overall Called the “Sultan of Swat”Sultan of Swat”

42. Charles Lindbergh The greatest hero of the 1920s The first person to fly an airplane across the Atlantic Ocean alone Flew from New York to Paris Called “Lucky Lindy” because he had to fly for 33 ½ hours and didn’t carry a parachute, a radio, or a map

43. American Century on YouTube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=foooDF F9Dgshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=foooDF F9Dgs