Sadlier-Oxford Vocabulary Level G, Unit 4 English 111 Sadlier-Oxford Vocabulary Level G, Unit 4

Atrophy: someone whose muscles have atrophied would not win a trophy. (n.) the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline or failure; (v.) to waste away Synonyms: (n.) degeneration, deterioration, (v.) wither Antonyms: (n.) growth, development (v.) mature, develop

Bastion: think of the Bastille (n.) a fortified palace, stronghold Synonyms: citadel, rampart, bulwark, parapet

Concord: think of how you’d feel if your parents bought you an Accord (n.) a state of agreement, harmony, unanimity; a treaty, pact, covenant Antonyms: disagreement, strife, discord

Consummate: think perfect mate (v.) to bring to a state of completion or perfection; (adj.) complete or perfect in the highest degree Synonyms: (v.) clinch, conclude; (adj.) masterful Antonyms: (v.) launch, initiate, begin, kick off

Disarray: think of all the dis words (n.) disorder, confusion; (v.) to throw into disorder Synonyms: (n.) disorganized; (v.) dishevel, mess up Antonyms: (n.) organization, order, tidiness

Exigency: ends like urgency (n.) urgency, pressure; urgent demand, pressing need; an emergency Synonyms: requirement, crisis

Flotsam: float-sam (n.) floating debris; homeless, impoverished people Synonyms: floating wreckage

Frenetic: think frantic (adj.) frenzied, highly agitated Synonyms: frantic, overwrought, distraught Antonyms: calm, controlled, relaxed, leisurely

Glean: gather grain (g sounds) (v.) to gather bit by bit; to gather small quantities of grain left in a field by the reapers Synonyms: collect, cull, pick up

Grouse: grouch (n.) a type of game bird; a complaint; (v.) to complain, grumble Synonyms: gripe, kvetch, bellyache

Incarcerate: you’d be incarcerated for stealing a car (v.) to imprison, confine, jail Synonyms: intern, immure Antonyms: liberate, release, free

Incumbent: like the prez (adj.) obligatory, required; (n.) one who holds a specific office at the time spoken of Synonyms: (adj.) mandatory, necessary Antonyms: (adj.) optional, unnecessary

Jocular: joke-ular (adj.) humorous, jesting, jolly, joking Synonyms: waggish, facetious, droll, witty Antonyms: humorless, solemn, grave, earnest, grim

Ludicrous: ends like ridiculous (adj.) ridiculous, laughable, absurd Synonyms: risible, preposterous Antonyms: heartrending, poignant, pathetic

Mordant: morbid (n.) biting or caustic in thought, manner, or style; sharply or bitterly harsh Synonyms: acrimonious, acidulous, sardonic, scathing Antonyms: bland, mild, gentle, soothing

Nettle: needle (n.) a prickly or stinging plant; (v.) to arouse displeasure, impatience, or anger; to vex or irritate severely Synonyms: (v.) peeve, annoy, incense, gall, irk Antonyms: (v.) please, delight, soothe, pacify

Pecuniary: penny-cuniary (adj.) consisting of or measure in money; of or related to money Synonyms: monetary, financial

Pusillanimous: wusillanimous (adj.) contemptibly cowardly or mean spirited Synonyms: craven, lily-livered Antonyms: stouthearted, courageous, daring

Recumbent: recline (don’t confuse with incumbent! (adj.) in a reclining position, lying down, in the posture of one sleeping or resting Synonyms: prone, prostrate, supine, inactive Antonyms: erect, upright, energetic, dynamic

Stratagem: singular of strategy (n.) a scheme to outwit or deceive an opponent or to gain an end Synonyms: ruse, trick, ploy, subterfuge