GENERAL CONTEXT Perception modules for localized actions - Vegetation density* Crop growth parameters (Growing stage) *Volume - Weeds infestation - Insects - Diseases - Work environmental parameters: soil, plant, air - Temp, moisture, wind, radiation... - Single plant detection / Plant species detection - recognition - Other tools and associated parameters Control / Action modules for a located treatment (local level) - End effectors * Mechanical devices * Electrical devices * Thermal devices * Chemical sprayer devices - Automated autonomic devices * Robotic arms * Other systems - Security and safety functions at the low architecture level (reflex actions) * Obstacles detection and avoidance * Dynamic stability Combined unit: Coupling/combination of two action modules in close relationship with targeted applications (medium level) - Interaction between modules & application tasks - Interaction with other machines, e.g. robot & sprayer DEFINITION & CONCEPTION (2.1) OF SMART COMBINED UNIT EMBEDDED ON THE MOBILE PLATFORM DEFINITION & CONCEPTION (2.2) OF A MOBILE ROBOT PLATFORM Mechanical architecture and control of the robotic platform - Mechanichal structure * Vehicle chassis * Soil interactions: Weels; Tracted vehicle; Other systems) - Motorization- Power supply- Energy management * Combustion engine * Electric * Hybrid * Fuel cell - Drive train or Transmission * Classical device gear box + drive shaft) * New transmission concepts (ex: wheel motor) Onboard Intelligence for mobility control of the robotic platform - Localization * External devices (GPS, camera, laser range finder..) * Internal devices (IMU,...) * Hybrid systems: sensors & algorythms (kalman filter,…) - Guidance control - Security and safety functions at the low level architecture (reflex actions) * Obstacles detection and avoidance * Dynamic stability control - Energy management - Communication functions * Remote control in link with Man-Machine- Interface (e.g. Alarm / Emergency buttons- cognitive behaviour…) - Fault diagnostics * Fault detection and recovery * Graceful degradation (Several modes of operations - e.g. transport mode ) * Data logging (black box) *Preventive fault detection Other indirect potential research issues: Communication standards COMBINED ROBOTIC PLATFORM ‘VALUE CHAIN’ Modification and evolution of professional practices Request analysis for combined actions in crop culture protection - Functional specifications - Crop production (corn, wheat...) - Market gardening area - Fruit farming area (orchard area) - Vineyard farming area - Culture de niches (High value crop e.g., medical plants,…) - Other application area Customers' needs definition - New field management/organization - ex. Associated crops - Robustness - Reliability - Limited cost (suitable) (Low cost devices) - Work efficiency - "Easy to use" needs - Usability - Level of autonomy - Power source: combust. (outdoor) electric (indoor) General technical solutions - State of the art - Current developments - Identification of existing solutions from other areas - Identification of new concepts *Robotic platform * Peripheral tools - Architecture design of base robotic platform + peripheral devices/module (associated tools) Human Safety aspects - Operator - Bystanders Environmental safety aspects - Mitigation of diffuse contamination - Point sources Global Business plan - Economic studies Regulation - Legal aspects – Standards - National - EU * Directive 2009/128/EC * Others ones - Machine directives Value Chain legend Red: Lock – Not available soon on the market Orange: Not available yet, but possible to design and market quickly (1-2 years) Green: Technology or knowledge currently available Black: Not coloured yet (generic title or information to color soon). 1/3

INTEGRATION (OF 2.1 & 2.2) INTERFACING Global Management and Control of the whole system (smart combined unit + mobile robot platform) - global level - Hardware integration (2.1) + (2.2) - Software integration: * (a priori) Planning mission preparation (route planning) - of the mobile platform * (real time) Executive mission - Supervision -Trajectory control of platform and associated tools - Global Energy management - High level safety management (dynamic stability – fix and mobile obstacles) * (a posteriori) mission assess - Traceability Human operator place in the robotic loop ? Added Value for operator / supervisor / trouble shooter Man–Machine Interface - Usability Versatile remote HMI Control board Tuning parameter measurement & tune - User interface design Feedback of user interface Possible extension to the management/control of several associated robots ? PROTOTYPING Definition of criteria and metrics to evaluate solution - Environmental impacts (air pollution, soil respect, quality product) - Safety (operator, environment) - Autonomy (Energy, Mobility level) Demonstrator realization - Platform System level - Peripheral Modules level Test - Validation of demonstrators - Laboratory conditions - Field conditions End-User involvement / user-centric development Proof Of Concept Involvment of manufacturers, distributors and end users REGULATION Other indirect potential research issues: Environnemental impact: Life Cycle Analysis Standardization - Mechanics - Communication Data standards * Definition and harmonization of communication protocols * Definition and harmonization of data format - Electronics Legal aspects ex: Responsibilities issues in case of accident Final Certification - Homologation Value Chain legend Red: Lock – Not available soon on the market Orange: Not available yet, but possible to design and market quickly (1-2 years) Green: Technology or knowledge currently available Black: Not coloured yet (generic title or information to color soon). 2/3

MANUFACTURING Product - Modular / scalable product systems (with other peripheral tools) / retrofit - Products recycling Means of production (Small batch production) - Choice of optimal components (electronic, mechanic, electric devices…) - Organization of production * Subcontractors contributions * Adaptation of particular production line systems - Machine recycling Business plan design optimization DISTRIBUTION USES / DISPOSALS AFTER USE Advertising - Website - Media events - Direct contact * Phone * * Meeting - Technical brochures - Leaflet/paper publicity Facilities and services - Demonstration events - Tools support * Associated services * Training Marketing - User identification Customizing - System composition New services (ex. Shared equipments/ equipments rental) Customer appropriation - Economic adoption - “Easy to use" approval - Performance approval Experience feedback - Value for money/ Return On Investment - Usability Irstea - June 2012 Value Chain legend Red: Lock – Not available soon on the market Orange: Not available yet, but possible to design and market quickly (1-2 years) Green: Technology or knowledge currently available Black: Not coloured yet (generic title or information to color soon). 3/3