Labour market: EU versus Japan Bebjaková Silvia Guttmannová Lívia Chupáčová Veronika Szabóová Silvia Valdner Martin

EU & Japan Population of 500 million less than 10% of the world's population BUT EU and Japan comprise, over 40% of its GDP. Labour market: EU versus Japan

GDP per capita GDP per capita 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004   Japan 26027 26632 27196 28016 29664 EU15 24885 25939 26995 27670 28741 Labour market: EU versus Japan

What are the starting points? Labour force Educational attainment Gender gap Job tenure Labour market: EU versus Japan

Gender gap No equality Gender gap index(115 countries): Nordic countries: BENCHMARK-rank 1 Japan: rank 79 Labour market: EU versus Japan

Job tenure The frequency of changing jobs: Europe is around 10.6 years 10.9 years in Japan Labour market: EU versus Japan

Geographical mobility Cross-border workers Foreign language learning Job-to-job mobility Geographical mobility Cross-border workers Foreign language learning Public attitudes to mobility Labour market: EU versus Japan

Unemployment definition Labour market: EU versus Japan

Unemployment comparison Labour market: EU versus Japan

Unemployment in numbers Labour market: EU versus Japan

Part-time workers For both: number of part-time workers is increasing, majority create women Nowadays: EU - 18% of workers, Japan – 24% 35% of employed women in EU, 40% in Japan EU-big differences-Greece 4%, Netherlands 56% Discussed in EU: labour market flexibility Conclusion for both countries: employers have the same reasons, non-regular staff will continue to increase in the future Labour market: EU versus Japan

Changes in the number and percentage of part-time workers in Japan Labour market: EU versus Japan

Working hours Japan 1947-1988: 48hours/week, 1988-now: 40 hours annualy1954 hours + 171 hours overtime EU average 38,6 hours, varies from 35 to 40 hours annually average 1740 hours + overtime info N/A Labour market: EU versus Japan

Holidays Labour market: EU versus Japan

Overtime + 8 days of holidays yearly leads to Japan 20 days annual paid leave EU average 26 days CONSUMED: Japan 8,5 days EU nearly 26 days Overtime + 8 days of holidays yearly leads to K A R O S H I Labour market: EU versus Japan

Inflow of foreign workers Categories that gained the work permission in Japan in the year 2005 Labour market: EU versus Japan

Gross statutory minimum wages ($ per hour) Labour market: EU versus Japan

Average tax rates for full-time workers at different wage levels (2005)   minimum wage average Austria 32.7% Italy 27.3% Belgium 18.8% 41.9% Japan 14.0% 18.5% Czech Republic 19.3% 24.1% Luxembourg 15.7% Denmark 40.8% Netherlands 23.8% 32.5% Finland 31.3% Poland 26.7% 31.9% France 17.6% 29.0% Portugal 11.0% 21.2% Germany 42.5% Slovak Republic 13.4% 22.1% Greece 16.0% 23.7% Spain 6.4% 20.2% Hungary 13.5% 33.7% Sweden Ireland 3.8% 15.3% United Kingdom 26.6% Labour market: EU versus Japan

Relations Japan Slovakia Labour unions Consultation systems Shunto Individual labour disputes Slovakia Confederation of Trade Unions Labour market: EU versus Japan

Employment Measures for Older People JAPAN Securing Employment for Persons Up to Age 65 Assisting and Promoting the Reemployment of Middle-Aged and Older Workers Promoting Diverse Work and Social Participation for the Elderly Labour market: EU versus Japan

Employment Measures for Persons with Disabilities Japan Legally mandated quota: Private corporations: 1.8% Special government corporations: 2.1% National and local public corporations: 2.1% Designated school boards: 2.0% Levies and grants Slovakia 3.2% for those with 20 or more employees 3 possibilities Labour market: EU versus Japan

Thank you for attention! Labour market: vs. Thank you for attention!