From Versailles to Pearl Harbor: The Road to War and the US Response

The Great American debate over Interventionism or Isolation-1936-40 1.Interventionism argument- believed the US should support the Allies against Hitler in any way except actually entering the war.

The Great American debate over Interventionism or Isolation-1936-40   2. Isolationism/neutrality argument- believed the US should completely stay out of the war

TRADITIONAL U.S. FOREIGN POLICY WAS TO AVOID FOREIGN ENTANGLEMENTS “It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world” FOREIGN ENTANGLEMENTS: GEORGE WASHINGTON IN 1796 CAUTIONED THE NATION TO STAY OUT OF WORLD (EUROPEAN) AFFAIRS AND NOT GET INVOLVED IN THEIR WARS. IT WAS U.S. FOREIGN POLICY TO AVOID THESE ENTANGLEMENTS AFTER WW I. PRESIDENT WASHINGTON, 1796

Event 1: Germany faces economic collapse Germany severely punished for WWI in Versailles Treaty land in Europe and colonies in Africa taken away War Guilt Clause No air force or navy allowed Only allowed 100,000 troops Had to pay $32 Billion to the countries it fought in WW I

Event 1: Germany faces economic collapse Germans like Adolf Hitler began to blame others for the economic problems- Jews

  US Response US leaders favored isolationism again in 1920s-1930’s US insisted Germany repay war debts to the European nations Dawes Plan: USA loaned money to Germany to pay back war reparations Germany went deeper into debt and never repaid

MEIN KAMPF: BOOK BY HITLER ON HIS POLITICAL VIEWS MEIN KAMPF: BOOK BY HITLER ON HIS POLITICAL VIEWS. IN THE BOOK HE BLAMED JEWS AND COMMUNISTS FOR ALL OF GERMANY'S PROBLEMS. THE BOOK LAID OUT HIS PLANS FOR WORLD CONQUEST. COVER PAGE OF GERMAN EDITIONS OF MEIN KAMPF WRITTEN IN 1924 WHILE HITLER WAS IMPRISONED FOR STAGING A REVOLT

Event 2: The Rise of Adolph Hitler   MEIN KAMPF: book by Hitler blaming Jews and communists for all of Germany's problems. plans for world conquest. Formed the Nazi Party to promote his views wanted to create a “master race” of Aryans: white western and northern Europeans with blue or green eyes and blonde hair. Hitler did not have blonde hair or blue eyes.

Hitler as a baby and young boy

Hitler at the height of his power 1938                                                                          

Hitler                                                                                             

EXAMPLES OF NAZI ANTISEMITISM ANTI-SEMITISM: HATRED AND PREJUDICE AGAINST JEWS. HITLER AND THE NAZI'S WERE VICIOUSLY ANTI-SEMITIC BLAMING JEWS FOR ALL THE PROBLEMS IN THE WORLD. WHEN THEY GAINED POWER THEY MURDERED 6 MILLION JEWS. FIRST PICTURE SHOWS JEWS AND AFRICANS TOGETHER. Hitler believed that US society was weak by nature Hitler believed American military was polluted by too many blacks and Jews Break to video FINAL SOLUTION TO THE JEWISH PROBLEM

Which German city hosted the 1936 Olympics? Berlin

How many gold medals did African American Jesse Owens win during the 1936 Olympics

US Response to the Rise of Hitler FDR, like Hitler, elected in the same year (1932) FDR focused more on solving the America’s economic depression-who cares about Germany!? Military spending not a priority- USA military 15th largest in the world in 1935

FDR (Franklin Delano Roosevelt)

What did FDR use to help Americans face the conditions of Great Depression together?______________ Fireside chats, newsreels, photos

What 2 things did Hitler use in Germany to get out his message? Radios/messages played over loud speakers Propaganda Films

What was the title of Hitler’s book Mein Kampf

Event 3: The Rise of Fascism in Italy Benito Mussolini “Il Duce” (The Leader) Totalitarian dictator of Italy Led the Fascists -the nation and the Italian race more important than the individual October 1935- Italy invaded Ethiopia

Mussolini and Hitler-allies-Hitler admired Mussolini

US Response The Neutrality Acts: 1935-37, US Congress passed a series of isolationist laws- forbid the sale of arms to militarily aggressive nations, like Italy and Ethiopia

Event 4: The Rise of Militarism in Japan Japan had a desire expand- to acquire raw materials, Japanese militarists: Emperor is a god wanted Japan to remove the US and all European colonial powers from the Pacific realm and rule Asia themselves Militarists: a strong military (army, navy, air force) should be the most important goal for Japan (Nipon) foreign conquest- a badge of honor for military leaders

Event 4: The Rise of Japanese Militarism 1905-took over Manchuria, China and all of Korea 1930s Chinese cities of Shanghai and Beijing attacked and people massacred 1937- Japan invaded china- the “Rape of Nanking” (400,000 murdered; 20,000 women raped)

Hirohito was the last Japanese emperor to uphold the idea that Japan’s imperial rulers were gods

A Japanese Soldier prepares to behead a man in Nanking, China (left)’ soldier holds a severed head (right)

THE JAPANESE USED BOMBING TO TERRORIZE CHINA’s CIVILIAN POPULATION THE JAPANESE USED BOMBING TO TERRORIZE CHINA’s CIVILIAN POPULATION. THEY WERE NEVER SUCCESSFUL IN CONQUERING THE WHOLE COUNTRY CHINESE BABY BURNED AFTER JAPANESE BOMBERS STRIKE SHANGHAI IN 1937 THE JAPANESE USED INDISCRIMINATE BOMBING TO TERRORIZE CHINA. THEY WERE NEVER SUCCESSFUL IN CONQUERING THE WHOLE COUNTRY.

Chinese Rape Victims of the Japanese

US Response to the Rise of Japanese Militarism FDR protested the invasions sent $25 million to Chiang Kai Shek to fight Japs A US volunteer flying squadron arrived of “Flying Tigers” and fought the Japs Cancelled 1911 Peace Treaty w/ Japan Still no official military intervention- isolationism/neutral

Event 5: Hitler annexed The Rhineland, the Sudetenland and Austria to become a part of Germany (1936-39)

EUROPEAN LEADERS AT THE MUNICH CONFERENCE THAT GAVE THE SUDETENLAND TO HITLER. A PRIME EXAMPLE OF APPEASEMENT. NO REPRESENTATIVE FROM CZECHOSLOVAKIA WAS INVITED TO ATTEND. SPEECH BY HITLER NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN EDOUARD DALADIER NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN: BRITISH PRIME MINISTER WHO WAS AN ADVOCATE OF APPEASEMENT AND ENGINEERED THE MUNICH CONFERENCE. SOUND CLIP IS HITLER’S SPEECH (WITH TRANSLATION) AFTER THE MUNICH CONFERENCE. CLICK TO HEAR THE SPEECH. EDOUARD DALADIER: FRENCH PREMIER WHO WENT ALONG WITH CHAMBERLAIN ON APPEASEMENT

The Nazis then Overran all of Czechoslovakia

FDR: “the US government has no political involvements in Europe” US Response FDR: “the US government has no political involvements in Europe” US continued to stay neutral- stayed out of the negotiations

MARCH 1939: HITLER TOOK OVER THE REST OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA IN VIOLATION OF THE MUNICH CONFERENCE AGREEMENT. THIS SHOWED HITLER WAS A LIAR AND COULD NOT BE TRUSTED. BRITAIN AND FRANCE REALIZED THAT HITLER WAS A LIAR AND THEY HAD TO PREPARE FOR WAR. WHAT NATION WOULD BE HITLER’S NEXT TARGET FOR INVASION?

Event 6: The Invasion of Poland/Nazi-Soviet Pact Next, Hitler wanted parts of Poland Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939- Hitler and Soviet leader Josef Stalin agreed to divide up Poland and not attack each other

Hitler and Stalin-Many Wondered How Long the Honeymoon would last-it didn’t

US Neutrality continued US RESPONSE US tried to get President Moscicki of Poland and Hitler to negotiate, work out a peaceful settlement US Neutrality continued

Event 7: World War 2 Begins September 1, 1939: Germany and the USSR invaded Poland Luftwaffe- German airforce Blitzkrieg- lightening warfare, intensive attack involving land and airforces

ON SEPTEMBER 17 THE USSR, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE NONAGGRESSION PACT, INVADED POLAND FROM THE EAST.

TOOLS OF THE BLITZKRIEG BLITZKRIEG: NEW GERMAN ATTACK STRATEGY THAT USED DIVE-BOMBERS, MECHANIZED (RIDING IN TRUCKS OR HALF-TRACKS) INFANTRY AND MOBILE ARTILLERY TO SURROUND AND DESTROY ENEMY FORMATIONS

Event 8: World War 2 Begins Polish armies defeated in less than 3 weeks Britain and France declared war on Germany

HITLER Next CONQUERed DENMARK, NORWAY, NETHERLANDS, BELGIUM, AND LUXEMBOURG-HITLER SURPRISED THE ALLIES BY HAVING HIS MAIN INVASION THROUGH LUXEMBOURG AND THE ARGONNE FOREST, AFTER FEINTING AN ATTACK THROUGH BELGIUM WHICH DREW THE ALLIED FORCES NORTH. HITLER SURPRISED THE ALLIES BY HAVING HIS MAIN INVASION THROUGH LUXEMBOURG AND THE ARGONNE FOREST, AFTER FEINTING AN ATTACK THROUGH BELGIUM WHICH DREW THE ALLIED FORCES NORTH.

HITLER’S INVASION OF NORTHWESTERN EUROPE ONE THREE THIS MAP ILLUSTRATES HITLER’S PLAN FOR WINNING THE WAR IN NW EUROPE. ARROW ONE: HITLER’S FIRST ATTACK DESIGNED TO DRAW ALLIED FORCES INTO BELGIUM; ARROW TWO ALLIED TROOPS MOVE INTO BELGIUM TO FIGHT HITLER’S TROOPS; ARROW THREE HITLER’S MAIN ATTACK COMES THROUGH THE ARDENNES FOREST, CONSIDERED IMPASSABLE BY THE ALLIES AND DRIVES TO THE COAST THREATENING TO TRAP BRITISH AND FRENCH ARMIES IN BELGIUM. TWO

FRENCH AND BRITISH TROOPS TRAPPED AT DUNKIRK THE ALLIES WERE TRAPPED AND HAD TO EVACUATE THROUGH THE PORT OF DUNKIRK. “Wars are not won by evacuations”-Winston Churchill THIS MAP SHOWS THAT THE GERMAN STRATEGY WORKED. THE ALLIES WERE TRAPPED AND HAD TO EVACUATE THROUGH THE PORT OF DUNKIRK.

AFTER THE GERMANS LEFT DUNKIRK, THEY TURNED SOUTH AND DEFEATED THE REMAINING FRENCH ARMIES JUNE 22, 1940, FRANCE SURRENDERED TO GERMANY. GERMANY WAS MASTER OF ALL EUROPEAN CONTINENT, ITS FACTORIES AND RESOURCES, WITH EXCEPTION OF THE USSR. Only England remained Free. JUNE 22, 1940, FRANCE SURRENDERED TO GERMANY. GERMANY WAS MASTER OF ALL EUROPE, ITS FACTORIES AND RESOURCES, WITH EXCEPTION OF THE USSR.

GERMAN TROOPS ENTER PARIS

FRENCH WEEP AS THE GERMANS MARCH INTO PARIS FRENCH MOURN AS THE GERMANS MARCH INTO PARIS.

HITLER VISITS PARIS FOR THE FIRST AND LAST TIME

AUGUST 1940: WHICH NATION WILL BE HITLER’S NEXT TARGET FOR CONQUEST? ASK STUDENTS TO ANALYZE THE MAP. WHAT COUNTRY WILL BE HITLER’S NEXT TARGET?

US Response to Start of WW 2 in Europe US Pledged Support for France and Britain-money and weapons Put a trade Embargo on Soviet Union Got rid of the Neutrality Acts 80% of Americans opposed entry to the war, but most said it was important do what we can to defeat Hitler than stay out of the war

GREAT BRITAIN GETS A NEW PRIME MINISTER: WINSTON CHURCHILL “We shall never, ever surrender” WINSTORN CHURCHILL: HE BECAME PRIME MINISTER OF THE UK IN 1940 AND VOWED NEVER TO SURRENDER TO HITLER BUT FIGHT ON TO VICTORY. SOUND IS CHURCHILL’S FAMOUS “FIGHT ON THE BEACHES” SPEECH.

Event 9: The Battle of Britain Britain bombarded by the Luftwaffe Winston Churchill: “I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat” The Blitz: (1940-1941) 76 straight nights of German bombing raids on British cities Hitler’s Goal: cripple Britain to its knees by bombing and then invade by land

AIR RAID WARDEN WATCHED FOR GERMAN BOMBERS ATOP LONDON BUILDING Britain still survived The Blitz failed Churchill still felt there was a chance to beat Hitler if only America would enter the war AIR RAID WARDEN WATCHED FOR GERMAN BOMBERS ATOP LONDON BUILDING

LONDON DOCKS BURN AFTER GERMAN RAID

LONDONERS SLEEP UNDERGROUND IN SUBWAY STATIONS TO AVOID THE BOMBS

CHILDREN IN FRONT OF THEIR DESTROYED HOME. WHERE ARE THEIR PARENTS?

US Response * Lend-Lease Act (“The Declaration Interdependence)- literally gave military aid to Britain for free- “garden hose analogy” -$50 billion in aid sent to Britain Germans attacked American destroyers taking supplies to Britain

THE UNITED STATES BECOMES INVOLVED BY SUPPLING WAR MATERIALS FOR THE ALLIES DESTROYER DEAL: SEPT. 1940 FDR TRADED 50 US WW I DESTROYERS (SHIPS GEARED TO DESTROY SUBMARINES) FOR BRITISH BASES IN CANADA AND THE CARIBBEAN LEND LEASE ACT: MARCH 1941, ALLOWED THE PRESIDENT TO SELL, LEND OR LEASE WAR MATERIALS TO ANY NATION WHOSE DEFENSE WAS VITAL TO US SECURITY. IN REALITY THE US GAVE WEAPONS ONLY TO THE UK AND ABANDONED NEUTRALITY. Break for “Over the Edge” video segment

America in WW 2 AP US History The Homefront America in WW 2 AP US History Break for the Homefront video

1. What event occurred on December 7, 1941? Pearl Harbor was attacked by the Japanese

Event 9: The Bombing of Pearl Harbor Japan continued to expand in the Pacific Region, threatening our supplies of raw materials Rome-Tokyo-Berlin Axis formed in 1940 General Tojo- 1941 became prime minister of Japan- wanted to expand Japan’s empire even more

JAPAN CONQUESTS: JAPAN BEGAN TAKING OVER PARTS OF ASIA AFTER WWII STARTED AND THE USA TRIED TO GET THEM TO STOP. JAPAN CONQUESTS: JAPAN BEGAN TAKING OVER PARTS OF ASIA AFTER WWII STARTED AND THE USA TRIED TO GET THEM TO STOP. RAW MATERIALS: COAL, RUBBER, TIN, WOOD, IRON ORE, OIL, FOOD, CHEMICALS, JAPAN HAD VERY FEW RAW MATERIALS AND NEEDED TO IMPORT THEM TO KEEP HER ECONOMY GOING. JAPAN DECIDED TO CONQUER OTHER ASIAN NATIONS TO GET THESE NEEDED RAW MATERIALS.

Event 10: The Bombing of Pearl Harbor FDR ended all trade with Japan, froze Japanese assets in the US December 7, 1941: Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii- goal was to destroy the US Navy Pacific fleet 2,300 Americans killed, 8 battleships, 188 planes and 10 other ships destroyed

PEARL HARBOR: ON DECEMBER 7TH 1941 THE JAPANESE LAUNCHED A SNEAK ATTACK ON US MILITARY FACILITIES IN THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. THE US WAS CAUGHT UNPREPARED AND MUCH DAMAGE WAS DONE. SOUND IS THE ACTUAL CBS ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE ATTACK. PEARL HARBOR: ON DECEMBER 7TH 1941 THE JAPANESE LAUNCHED A SNEAK ATTACK ON US MILITARY FACILITIES IN THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. THE US WAS CAUGHT UNPREPARED AND MUCH DAMAGE WAS DONE. SOUND IS THE ACTUAL CBS ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE ATTACK. CLICK TO HEAR THE SOUND.

· FDR’s govt was under negotiation with the Japanese before the attack   US Response · FDR’s govt was under negotiation with the Japanese before the attack · “ A date that will live in infamy”- Dec 7, 1941

The Sinking of the USS Arizona

Pearl Harbor

FDR Asks Congress For a Declaration of War

US Response Congress declared war on Japan, Germany and Italy (Dec. 8th) The end of Isolationism- The attack on Pearl Harbor aroused and united America as nothing else could have done.

2. How many Americans perished at Pearl Harbor?

3. Besides the Japanese, who also declared war on the United States? Germany Italy

4. Who won most of the early battles in the Pacific-Japan or the US?

THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC FROM PEARL HARBOR TO MIDWAY JAPANESE 1942 ADVANCES JAPAN INVADES DUTCH BORNEO, TIMOR, CELEBES, JAN. 11 SINGAPORE FALLS, 36,000 JAPANESE CAPTURE 85,000 ALLIED SOLDIERS, FEB. 15TH RANGOON AND BURMA CAPTURED ON MAR. 10TH US SURRENDERS THE PHILIPPINES ON MAY 6TH JAPANESE PORT MORESBY INVASION FLEET TURNED BACK AT NAVAL BATTLE OF CORAL SEA ON MAY 7TH

5. Describe how women helped the war effort by 1942-43. Women went to work in large numbers in the factories building ships and weapons for the war

6. How many women were working during the war? 19 million The Rosie the Riveter poster “We Can Do It” became the iconic representation of the patriotic American woman working in the factories during WW 2

7. How many days during the war did it take to build a ship?

8. What things did Americans have to ration? 1. gas 2. tires 3. Scrap metal 4. Rubber toys

9. How were the “Japs” portrayed on American newsreels? As villains, demonized, they tossed babies on bayonets American Wartime propaganda Analyze a wartime propaganda cartoon- “Bugs Nips the Nips” and Popeye

THESE POSTERS WERE PUT UP IN LOS ANGELES, INSTRUCTING PEOPLE OF JAPANESE DESCENT, CITIZENS AND NON-CITIZENS ALIKE, TO REPORT TO THE CIVIL CONTROL STATION TO BE DEPORTED TO THE CAMPS THE GOVERNMENT INTERNED MORE THAN 110,000 PEOPLE OF JAPANESE DESCENT, BOTH CITIZENS AND NON-CITIZENS. THIS WAS DONE TO PREVENT SABOTAGE AND ESPIONAGE BY THE JAPANESE AMERICANS LIVING ON THE WEST COAST. THE MILITARY INVESTIGATED REPORTS OF SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITIES BY JAPANESE AMERICANS AND NONE WAS EVER FOUND TO BE TRUE. .

Why Intern Japanese Americans? the government interned more than 120,000 people of Japanese descent, both citizens and non-citizens. this was done to prevent sabotage and espionage by the Japanese Americans living on the west coast. the military investigated reports of traitorous activities by Japanese Americans and none was ever found to be true. 1988-US government paid reparations of $20,000 to all surviving Japanese-Americans still alive

JAPANESE AMERICAN GIRL WAITS WITH ALL OF HER FAMILY’S BELONGINGS TO BE EVACUATED TO AN INTERNMENT CAMP

JAPANESE INTERNMENT CAMPS THE DOTS REPRESENT THE LOCATION OF THE CAMPS

CANAL CAMP, AZ MANZANAR, CA CRYSTAL CREEK, TX GILA, AZ

Korematsu v. The United States Sued the US government over the internment in 1944 Court 6-3 ruled the internment was constitutional Civil Liberties in time of war can be restricted

President Ronald Reagan signs the official reparation order 1988

There was fear that they would give aid to a Japanese invasion force 10. Why were Japanese Americans under Executive Order 9066 mandated to be removed from the West Coast? There was fear that they would give aid to a Japanese invasion force

11. How many Japanese Americans were relocated to internment camps? 120,000

12. What male singer became a major idol/heartthrob to many American women during the war? Frank Sinatra

13. Why were families back home not given the full truth of the realities of the war from letters? The government didn’t want people back home to get the impression we were losing; wanted to keep everyone in support of the war

14. How many continents did American soldiers fight on? 3 (Three)

The Last Days of WW 2 1944-45

15. What was the date the Allies invaded the German-held French beaches of Normandy (the largest military operation in US military history)? June 6, 1944

16. What was the day called? D-Day

17. What French city was liberated 2 months after the great invasion day Paris

D-DAY INVASION BEACHES

D-DAY: THE ALLIED INVASION OF NAZI OCCUPIED WESTERN EUROPE D-Day Statistics General Dwight D. Eisenhower Allied supreme commander Nine allied divisions invaded on D-Day, 3 airborne and 6 infantry, 150,000 soldiers 12,000 planes 5,000 ships escorted the invasion force 20,000 troops were landed by air either parachute or gliders (101st Airborne division) to protect the flanks of the invasion force from German counterattacks Shoulder sleeve insignia are of the American units, division and above, that were involved in the Normandy invasion on June 6, 1944.

A HEAVY PRICE WAS PAID FOR BY US SOLDIERS IN THE SUCCESSFUL INVASION OF FRANCE

THOUSANDS OF TROOPS ARRIVED IN FRANCE ON TOWED GLIDERS THOUSANDS OF TROOPS ARRIVED IN FRANCE ON TOWED GLIDERS. MANY CRASHED, KILLING THEIR PILOTS AND PASSENGERS.

A HEAVY PRICE WAS PAID FOR THE SUCCESSFUL INVASION OF FRANCE

MAP OF ALLIED BREAK OUT FROM NORMANDY: OPERATION COBRA

ALLIES ADVANCE RAPIDLY ACROSS FRANCE AFTER BREAKING OUT OF NORMANDY IN OPERATION COBRA.

US TROOPS MARCH IN A VICTORY PARADE AFTER THE LIBERATION OF PARIS IN LATE AUGUST 1944

Hitler's Last Days/ End of WW II in Europe Hitler’s 2nd in command Heinrich Himmler committed suicide after capture Several attempts were made on Hitler's life during the war, but each plot was foiled The war for Germany appeared to be inevitably lost as the US and its allies surrounded and then invaded Germany after the last German Offensive (The Battle of the Bulge) Hitler’s hand-picked lieutenants, seeing the futility, defied his orders or committed suicide

The Battle of the Bulge Unternehmen Wacht am Rhein (in English: "Operation Watch on the Rhine") 19,000 Americans killed in action was the single largest and bloodiest battle that American forces experienced in World War II and in all US Military history (89,000 casualties)

Hitler ends his own life Hitler and his beloved dog Blondi * With allied forces surrounding Berlin, Hitler and his longtime mistress Eva Braun turned wife committed suicide in their underground bunker in Berlin on April 30, 1945

Eva Braun Hitler (wife of the Fuhrer)

The Nazis Surrender Roosevelt (USA), Churchill (Britain), and Stalin (Russia) made arrangements for post-war Europe at the Yalta Conference in February 1945 American, British, French and Russian forces eventually surrounded Berlin in late April of 1945 On May 7th, the Nazis surrendered; VE-Day (Victory in Europe Day)

PRESIDENT FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT DIED ON APRIL 12 1945

Harry S. Truman becomes President

Finishing off Japan May-August 1945

KAMIKAZE ATTACKS Kamikazes were the suicide attacks the Japanese began late in the war when they realized they could not defeat conventional US forces. there were other types of kamikaze vehicles as well. These included small boats, flying human missiles or ohkas, human torpedoes and even the great battleship Yamato.

PICTURES OF KAMIKAZES, AND US SHIPS HIT BY SUICIDE PLANES SPRING-SUMMER 1945

US losses at both battles BATTLE OF OKINAWA: the horrendous losses the us suffered at Iwo Jima and Okinawa combined with the devastating kamikaze attacks would only be a prelude to the slaughter that would happen when the US invaded Japanese home islands All combined kamikaze operations combined sunk thirty-four ships, and damaged 288 ships The most damage done by kamikaze’s was at Okinawa where 1465 suicide planes sank 30 ships and damages 130 more The huge losses and the estimated one million US casualities in the planned invasion of Japan led President Harry Truman to decide on the use of the atomic bomb to end the war quickly. US losses at both battles

OKINAWA ALEUTIAN ISLANDS OKINAWA WAS CONSIDERED ONE OF THE JAPANESE HOME ISLANDS AND WOULD BE DEFENDED FANATICALLY. THE CAPTURE OF OKINAWA WOULD GIVE THE US AN ADVANCED BASE FOR THE INVASION OF JAPAN.

The Surrender and Defeat of Japan Japan –refused to surrender despite nightly firebombing of its cities such as Tokyo and Yokohama The Allies were planning a massive 2-part invasion of Japan code-named Operation Downfall to begin on X-Day, November 1, 1945 and end with Y-Day on March 1, 1946 The invasion would have included troops from the USA, Canada, Britain and Australia

Why did Truman decide to drop the Atomic Bombs on Japan? To bring the war to a swifter end. The battle for Okinawa had shown that an D-Day type of invasion of the Japanese mainland (planned for November) would result in large numbers of American casualties. The official estimate given to the Secretary of War was 1 million Allied casualties, though some historians dispute whether this would have been the case. Invasion would also have meant the death of tens of millions of Japanese soldiers and civilians, who were being trained as militia. The Japanese were refusing to surrender (to surrender is a dishonor)-break for Pacific scene from Okinawa

The Atomic Bombs Manhattan Project-secret project assisted by the minds of Tesla and Einstein Potsdam Ultimatum: Truman to Japan-surrender now or face ultimate destruction Two bombs were used-Little Boy (dropped on Hiroshima) and Fat Man (dropped on Nagasaki)

MODEL OF “LITTLE BOY” ATOMIC BOMB ENOLA GAY, PLANE THAT DROPPED THE BOMB CREW OF THE ENOLA GAY THE PLANE THAT DROPPED THE FIRST ATOMIC BOMB ON JAPAN

What 2 Japanese cities were the Atom bombs dropped on? Hiroshima (August 6) Nagasaki (August 9) 5 days after the 2nd bomb was dropped, the Japanese surrendered on August 14, 1945, or V-J day, signing the Japanese Instrument of Surrender on September 2nd

18. How many terms did President Roosevelt win 4 (Four)

20. Who became the new president? Harry S. Truman

21. What showed Americans that the Japanese would fight to the bitter end? Japanese suicidal kamikaze attacks

Unconditional surrender or face destruction 22. During the Potsdam Conference of July 1945, what ultimatum did Truman and the Allies give Japan? Unconditional surrender or face destruction

23. Why did President Truman decide to drop the atom bomb on the Japanese? TO SAVE LIVES AND END THE WAR QUICKLY PRESIDENT TRUMAN GAVE THE ORDER TO USE THE ATOMIC BOMB ON JAPAN

24. What 2 Japanese cities were the Atom bombs dropped on?

THE FIRST ATOMIC BOMB WAS DROPPED ON THE CITY OF 1.HIROSHIMA AUGUST 6TH, 1945, 70,000 KILLED AND EVEN MORE WOUNDED

A SECOND ATOMIC BOMB WAS DROPPED ON 2 A SECOND ATOMIC BOMB WAS DROPPED ON 2. NAGASAKI AND THE JAPANESE SURRENDERED AUGUST 9TH, 40,000 KILLED

25. Why was the date August 15, 1945 a cause of celebration for Americans? V J DAY, AUGUST 14, 1945 WORLD WAR II ENDS-The Japanese finally surrendered

V J DAY, AUGUST 14, 1945 WORLD WAR II ENDS

26. How many Americans lost their lives during WW II? The video says 395,000 or so, but if you include MIAs (Missing in Action) and POWs (Prisoners of War that were never returned) we lost closer to 500,000 Americans to the War

WW II DEATHS PER COUNTRY

The Results of the War 1. The Holocaust: US and Allied soldiers discovered gruesome sites when liberating Nazi Occupied Europe: the victims where Jews and other of Hitler’s ”enemies”were being systematically massacred by the Nazis 2. The Russian Soviet communists took over all of Eastern Europe- the Cold War followed as a competitive arms race between the United States and The Soviet Union (Russia)

The Results of the War 3. Germany was rebuilt and split into East (controlled by the Russians) and West (controlled by Britain, France and the USA) 4. The formation of the United Nations (UN) an international organization made up of all nations to prevent further wars 5. The Jewish people were finally given their own country by the UN- Israel

After WW 2 Germany was occupied by 4 countries

West and East Germany

The Results of the War 6. Japan (who fought the Allies on Germany’s side) along w/ Germany was occupied and rebuilt by the USA. 7. The USA becomes the most powerful nation in the world

The Results of the War 9. Women gain even more rights by working in the factories building weapons to help the war effort. (Rosie the Riveter) 10. US Isolation/neutrality ended 11. Due to massive war production in the factories, the United States’ recovered completely from the Great Depression.