OIE Initiatives for Zoonoses Control WHO Regional Meeting on Zoonotic Diseases Jakarta, Indonesia 6-8 November 2007 T. Fujita OIE Regional Representation for Asia and the Paicific Tokyo, Japan

Contents Why Emerging/Transbounday Animal Diseases? Needs for preparedness and appropriate responses OIE’s functions for animal health and Zoonoses GF-TADs including HPAI as zoonotic disease OIE Regional HPAI control project Summary

Why Emerging/Transboundary Animal Diseases (TADs)? Globalization/borderless era – increase of Traveling, International Trade (including unrestricted trade of animals; both domestic and wild, and animal products) Expansion of Human Population; esp. into areas not previously inhabited Environmental Changes; Global climate change <vectors> Changes of Agricultureal Production Systems Microbiological Adaptation <HPAI> Restructuring Consumerism Improvement of Diagnostic capability Others

Socio-economic Impacts of Emerging Diseases/TADs Strong negative impacts on animal productivity and Economic losses Threats to human health <Zoonoses> Food safety and Consumers’ concerns and confidence in food <Zoonoses> Loss of trading opportunities Increased uncertainty on stability of production management Socio-economic confusion

Needs for Preparedness and Appropriate Responses Recognition of Nature of Increasing Emerging diseases/TADs –borderless Transparent and timely notification of disease occurrences and animal health information by a country– for country itself (disease control and credibility) and for neighboring and trade partners (preparedness) Strengthening Veterinary Services for effective and challenging measures to control diseases at Source (Early detection – diagnosis, surveillance, epidemiological networks, Early warning systems, and Early response; organizing control measures)

4. Strengthen animal health infrastructure; e.g. Laboratories, Technologies, Communication links with stakeholders, etc. 5. Strengthen linkages between central and local (fields) levels 6. Strengthen relationship with neighboring countries (Regional cooperation) and trading partners 7. Strengthen linkages and collaboration between animal health and public health authorities (zoonoses, to reduce health risks in humans and animals)

OIE at a glance World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) an intergovernmental organisation founded in 1924 by 28 countries predates the UN 170 Member Countries (2007) headquarters in Paris 5 Regional Representations (Tokyo for Asia and the Pacific, and Bangkok Branch Office)

Objectives of OIE 1. To ensure transparency in the global animal disease situation. 2．　To collect, analyse and disseminate scientific veterinary information. 3. To contribute expertise and encourage international solidarity in the control of animal diseases. 4. Within its mandate under the WTO SPS Agreement, to safeguard world trade by publishing health standards for international trade in animals and animal products. 5. To improve the legal framework and resources of National Veterinary Services. 6. To provide a better guarantee of the safety of food of animal origin and to promote animal welfare through a science-based approach

OIE Standards for Terrestrial Animals Terrestrial Animal Health Code (the Terrestrial Code) Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals (the Terrestrial Manual)

WTO-SPS and OIE WTO-SPS; Member countries having two options to protect against the animal and public health risks associated with the importation of animals and animal products Options (1) OIE International Standards (OIE recognized by WTO as the International Standard Setting Organization for animal health) (2) Adoption of a higher level of protection than that provided by the international standard; the use of scientific risk analysis Risk analysis in the OIE Code

Animal Health (Zoonosis) Measures in the OIE Code Taking into account the nature of the commodity and animal health status; Health measures make reference to the animal health situation In compliance with WTO obligations Latest scientific information based on an assessment of the risks by commodities Evaluation of Veterinary Services to be conducted Zoning and compartmentalization applied where appropriate

Notification of diseases 1. Transparent and timely notification of disease occurrences for control and preparedness WAHIS (World Animal Health Information System of OIE); OIE Web-site

OIE’s activities on Zoonoses (Examples) International Committee Specialist Commissions Ad hoc groups, Working Groups Scientists, Commissions, Delegates Working Groups and Ad Hoc Groups - Food Safety - Animal Identification and Traceability - Wildlife diseases - Salmonellosis, etc.

Individual zoonoses Avian Influenza Bovine brucellosis BSE Rabies (Examples in OIE Code) Avian Influenza Bovine brucellosis BSE Rabies Salmonellosis (S. enteritidis & S. typhimurium) Tuberculosis

Disease Surveillance Surveillance Programmes; Essential for reports of animal health status National surveillance systems; address key epidemiological features of pathogens including description of host populations and environmental assessment General guidelines for animal health surveillance (Code Sec. 3.8) Guidelines for the surveillance of Avian Influenza (Code Sec. 3.8.9)

Animal Identification and Traceability Guidelines for the identification and traceability of live animals (Code Sec. 3.5) To improve significantly the effectiveness of the management of disease outbreaks and food safety incidents, vaccination programmes, herd/flock husbandary, zoning/compartmentalization, surveillance, early response and notification systems, animal movement controls, and inspection and certification procedures Ad Hoc Group for Animal Identification and traceability

Animal Production Food Safety Guidelines for the control of biological hazards of animal health and public health importance, through ante- and post-mortem meat inspection (Section 3.10) Working Group of Food Safety working with CAC; for joint development of International Standards, mutual recognition of Standards and clear linkages between Standards

Veterinary Services Quality of Veterinary Services (VSs); conform to fundamental ethical, organizational and technical principles Evaluation of VSs; Quality to be assertained through an evaluation (1) Self evaluation (2) Evaluation of VSs another country (3) OIE’s option; PVS (Performance, Vision and Strategy Instrument)

GF-TADs FAO/OIE Global Framework for progressive control of Transboundary Animal Diseases (GF-TADs) Control of targeted priority animal diseases including HPAI 3 Sub-Regions; Countries in ASEAN, SAARC and SPC Regional Steering Committee and Permanent Secretariat (OIE Tokyo)

OIE/Japan Special Trust Fund Project on HPAI Control at Source in Southeast Asia Donor (Japan); to OIE and FAO for HPAI control Under GF-TADs April 2006 – March 2008 OIE components; 1. Support to development of HPAI control strategies 2. Development of Regional HPAI Information Systems 3. Capacity building of Veterinary Services in Laboratory diagnosis and thus provision of modern laboratory equipment and materials 4. Training of Field Veterinarians and Para-Professionals

Summary Importance of control and prevention of animal diseases including zoonotic diseases Early detection and responses Control measures at source Capacity building of Veterinary Services Partnership

Thank you for your attention!! T. Fujita, OIE Tokyo