Restoration Kayla Alison Jesse

Under the rule of King Charles I *The most blamed man for the start of the English Civil War* (1642) In 1612, Charles I took over London. Many did not approve of him, because his arrogant and conceited personality. Charles believed that since he was king, he could not be wronged. Between , Charles fought with Parliament (congress) over money and religion. Charles was put on trail for treason and beheaded in 1649; his brother James I took the throne.

Duke of Buckingham (James’ I main advisor) was to blame for taking England to war with Spain in 1623 (Lost in 1625). He then led a campaign into France, and also lost. Assassinated 1628 In 1640, Charles sent the army to ‘make’ Scots use a different book while in church- The army lost. 1642, Charles’ fight with parliament got worse and his powers reduced. Six days later, Charles left for London; wanting to create an army to fight against parliament. **August 22, 1642: The Civil War began**

In 1660, the English monarchy was restored after twenty years! When Stuart Charles II became King, London became a place of luxury and refinement. The Church of England regained power, causing many to relocate into North America in search of religious freedom. Passed away in 1685

TRAGIC struck London. In 1666, The Great Fire of London destroyed many of homes, leaving no more than 2/3 of London homeless. Not only did the fire destroy much of London, but so did a bubonic plague. The infected would break out in, what they call tokens, a decay of soft tissues from a blockage of blood flow. Just six hours after breaking out in such miserable blisters, they would die.. Because of such discomfort, people began killing themselves and loved ones. Doctors tried to help, by either laying “poultices” (hot packs) onto the blisters to bring the infection to the surface or by pouring chemicals onto the blister, that would burn or eat away at the skin. If this did not work, you would find them cutting into the surface.

Needless to say, England was ready for stability. Many British developed works of art, literature and philosophy. People began changing their views on not only themselves, but on the world as well. For so long, people had always wondered “why?” at the time of an event. They thought earthquakes, death or even a baby being born was a warning from the past or even the future. They believed these unusual things happened because of sins they may had once committed a few years back. Now, they began asking “how?”. This time became known as the “Age of Reason” and the “Enlightenment”. “Perhaps the universe was like…clockwork, set in motion by a Creator who more or less withdrew from this perfect mechanism and let it run by itself.” (pg. 568)

After King Charles II died: J ames II, his brother and also a practicing Roman Catholic, took over. Not many liked James, because it was believed that Roman Catholics started the fire in London. The English also believed that the Roman Catholics were planning to hand the their country over to the pope. Powers were transferred over to James’ daughter, Mary, when James’ queen became pregnant. Mary was married to the Dutch William of Orange (prince). In early 1689, James II ran away from London, naming William and Mary King and Queen. -These events are known for the glorious (bloodless) Revolution-

As the eighteenth century was coming to an end, England was changing in horrible ways. Industrial revolution was turning the town into a dump; dirty and smoky. The age of elegance and taste was over. Short Stories: “The Sting of Satire” Satire is a piece of writing that was designed to make readers feel critical of themselves and society. One of the most famous satires was Alexander Pope’s The Rape of the Lock. It was good-natured and made people laugh. Though a satire is funny, the main purpose was seriousness; focused on what was wrong with the world. Exaggeration and generalization was often used. Satire is very old, it was included by the Greek and Roman writers. “A Dictionary of English Language” …………………………………………… Athletick ; Strong of body, vigorous Catsup; a pickle made of mushrooms Parody; A kind of writing; authors thoughts To Period; put to an end Romp; play rudely Zed; the name of the letter ‘z’

THE END!