Are Ohio’s most valuable products grown, manufactured, or mined? Introduction to Petroleum 4/5/2017

Introduction to Petroleum 4/5/2017 Introduction to Petroleum! We will learn… How oil and natural gas are formed Where they are found How they are extracted from the ground What products we use every day are made from petroleum In this series of lessons, we are going to use the ‘Oil and Natural Gas’ book along with fun experiments to learn about where oil and natural gas comes from and how oil is made into products we use every day.

Fossil Fuels – Nature’s Batteries Introduction to Petroleum 4/5/2017 Fossil Fuels – Nature’s Batteries 80% of the world’s energy comes from fossil fuels Oil Natural gas Coal Speaker notes: Fossil fuels are “nature’s batteries.” They have stored the sun’s energy from millennia past, and we draw on them today. Oil is used for transportation. Coal and natural gas are used for power plants.

Fossil fuels were forming before dinosaurs lived Introduction to Petroleum 4/5/2017 Fossil fuels were forming before dinosaurs lived Speaker notes: Oil was formed from the remains of sea plants and animals that lived millions of years ago – even before the dinosaurs! The sea plants and animals died and were buried on the ocean floor under layers and layers of mud (sand). Over millions of years, their remains were buried deeper and deeper. Enormous heat and pressure from these layers helped turn the dead sea plants and animals into oil and gas. That’s why oil and gas are called “fossil” fuels! Speaker notes: Even though fossil fuels were used thousands of years ago, mass consumption of oil and gas began only “recently.” Energy Timeline 3000 B.C. Mesopotamians used “rock oil” in architectural adhesives, ship caulks, medicines and roads 2000 B.C. Chinese refined crude oil for use in lamps and to heat their homes 1701 Coal discovered near Richmond, Va. Mid-1800s Kerosene replaced whale oil as lamp fuel. 1859 “Colonel” Edwin Drake drilled the first commercial well and discovers oil and natural gas near Titusville, Penn., 69 feet below the Earth’s surface. 1882 First coal-fired electric generating station began operating in New York City to supply electricity for household lights. Pre-1885 Wood was the primary source for cooking, warmth, light, trains and steamboats. 1890 Cars were mass produced, creating gasoline demand. 1910 Most rural homes still heated with wood. In towns, coal was displacing wood in homes. 1940s –1960s A massive expansion of the U.S. pipeline network began, which led to rapid growth of natural gas markets. Today, this interstate pipeline network, laid end-to-end, would stretch almost 12 times around the earth. 1950 – present Oil became most-used energy source because of automobiles. 1957 The first commercial nuclear power plant began operating. 1993 – present The U.S. imported more oil and refined products from other countries than it produced. More and more imports have been needed because of growing petroleum demand and declining U.S. production. 2001 Of every 10 barrels of petroleum consumed in the United States, more than 4 barrels were consumed in the form of gasoline. Transportation needs accounted for two-thirds of all petroleum used in the United States. 2007 World uses about 86 million barrels of oil per day – 40,000 gallons every second http://www.petrostrategies.org/Learning_Center/exploration.htm

Formation of Coal http://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/coalform.htm

How do oil and gas get from the ground into products we use? Introduction to Petroleum 4/5/2017 How do oil and gas get from the ground into products we use? 1 2 3 4 5 Exploration Drilling and Production Extraction Refining Transportation

1. Exploration: a treasure hunt to find oil and gas Introduction to Petroleum 4/5/2017 1. Exploration: a treasure hunt to find oil and gas Geologists study rocks on the Earth’s surface and underground Geologists make a map of the rocks where they think coal, oil and gas might be found Photo by John Simmons, OnTV © The Geological Society of London www.geolsoc.org.uk

Oils and Gas Are Often Found Together Introduction to Petroleum 4/5/2017 Oils and Gas Are Often Found Together Oil is a liquid Gas is in a gaseous (invisible) state – like air Oil and gas move through sand as a team

Where Do Oil and Gas Come From? Introduction to Petroleum 4/5/2017 Where Do Oil and Gas Come From? Oil drops in grains of sand Gas Oil Water Source Rock (Fossils) Speaker notes: Oil and gas aren’t found in a big underground lake! Engineers drill down through layers of sand and rock to reach the rock formations that contain oil and gas. Exercise: Put glass beads or marbles into a clear glass. Ask students if the beaker is full. Pour water into the glass to cover the beads or marbles. Point out that the space between the beads/marbles (or rocks) is where oil and gas are found. Microscopic View

Oil and Gas Are Found On Land and under Water Introduction to Petroleum 4/5/2017 Oil and Gas Are Found On Land and under Water http://www.geomore.com/oil-and-gas-traps/

Tools used to find oil

Tools used to find oil Initially oil and natural gas exploration was as simple as locating surface seeps or places where oil and gas had been discovered accidentally while digging or drilling for water.

Tools used to find oil Seismology, like echolocation, uses vibration and reflection to locate the seams between geographic layers. http://www.sjvgeology.org/oil/exploration.html vibroseis trucks

Tools used to find oil Off-shore seismology

Tools used to find oil Geologist can study aerial photographs and images from satellites.

Tools used to find oil Outcrop surveys

Tools used to find oil Data regarding magnetic fields, gravity and radiation are collected and analyzed

Geology of Ohio .

Geology of Ohio http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/OhioGeologicalSurvey/tabid/7105/Default.aspx

How do oil and gas get from the ground into products we use? Introduction to Petroleum 4/5/2017 How do oil and gas get from the ground into products we use? 1 2 3 4 5 Exploration Drilling and Production Extraction Refining Transportation

2. Drilling and Production Engineers use the geology map to drill a well under the Earth’s surface using a “rig” If successful, the well will bring a steady flow of oil and gas to the surface http://www.geomore.com/oil-and-gas-traps/

2. Drilling and Production The only way to know for sure is to drill…

Production Or in the case of coal, to dig…

Extraction of Gas and Oil After the rig is removed, a pump is placed on the well head. An electric motor drives a gear box that moves a lever. The lever pushes and pulls, forcing the pump up and down, and creates a suction that draws up the oil.

Extraction of Coal

Production of Coal http://www.worldcoal.org/coal/ http://www.worldcoal.org/coal/where-is-coal-found/

4. Transportation Crude oil, coal and refined products are transported across the water in barges and tankers. On land crude oil and products are moved using pipelines, trucks, and trains. Photo above courtesy of BP

5. Refining Crude oil is a mixture. Remember mixtures? Refining is separating the components of the mixture.

Refining Chemicals and heat are used to remove water and solids Natural gas is separated Cracking and rearranging molecules prepares the finished products Oil is then stored in tanks. Photo courtesy of © BP p.l.c.

http://chemistry.tutorvista.com/biochemistry/petrochemicals.html

Let’s talk LAB!

Where Would We Be Without Petroleum? You can kiss lipstick good-bye. Introduction to Petroleum 4/5/2017 Where Would We Be Without Petroleum? You can kiss lipstick good-bye. MP3 Players Pantyhose Patio Screens Perfumes Photographic Film Photographs Piano Keys Roller Blades Roofing Shampoo Shaving Cream Soft Contact Lenses Surfboards Telephones Tents Toothpaste Toys Umbrellas Artificial Hearts Aspirin Balloons Bandages Blenders Cameras Candles CD Players Clothing Compact Discs/DVDs Computers Containers Crayons Credit Cards Dentures Deodorant Digital Clocks Dyes Fertilizers Food Preservatives Footballs Furniture Garbage Bags Glasses Glue Golf Balls Hair Dryers Hang Gliders House Paint Ink Insecticides Life Jackets Lipstick Luggage Medical Equipment Medicines The speaker can set the scene. Ask the students to point out additional items that are made from petroleum products that they use every day.