1. UNIT 3 – ENERGY AND POWER 3-2 UNIT 3 Topics Covered
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
UNIT 3 – ENERGY AND POWER
UNIT 3
Topics Covered
Energy Sources – Power Plants and Fuels
Classical Mechanics:
Force, Work, Energy, and Power
Trigonometry and Vectors
Energy and Power
Impacts of Current Generation and Use

2. Answer the following question in your notebook.
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
20 Feb 2014
DRILL
Answer the following question in your notebook.
If non-renewable fuels come from renewable plants and animals, why do we call them non-renewable?

3. IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
CLASSWORK
Write important notes from the video and answer the following questions in a separate sheet.
1. How is electricity made from coal?
2. What are the (2) pollutants produced in the air in the burning of coal and how they are cleaned?
3. What is gypsum used for? What is fly ash used for?
4. What is SCR used for?
5. Describe the path of electricity from the power
plants to our homes.

4. Answer the following question in your notebook.
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
29 Jan 2012
DRILL
Answer the following question in your notebook.
Describe the path how electricity is distributed
from the power plants to our houses.
Then, copy the next set of notes.

5. IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
COPY: Natural Gas
Sea plants and animals died, were buried on the ocean floor, covered by layers of silt and sand.
million years – remains buried deeper.
Heat and pressure turned remains into oil and gas.

6. Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas
Often referred to as “gas”
Gaseous fuel consisting mostly of methane, but includes quantities of other hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons are molecules made up of H and C
C3H8 – Propane
CH4 – Methane

7. COPY: Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
COPY: Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas
Methods of Extraction
Associated – found in oil fields
Non-associated – found in natural gas fields
Coalbed Methane – found in coal beds
Before use, it must undergo processing to remove everything but methane (such as CO2, N2, H2)

8. Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas
Methods of Extraction
Geologists locate types of rock that are known to contain gas and oil deposits.
Seismic surveys – echoes from a vibration source
Drilling begins, whether on land or offshore.
NG flows up the well to the surface.
Goes to processing or directly to transport pipeline
NG is colorless, odorless, tasteless, so a chemical is added to give it odor – Mercaptan

9. Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas
Top World Producers
Russia & Kazakhstan - almost 40% of world's supply
Iran (15%), Qatar (5%), Saudi Arabia (4%), Algeria (4%), United States (3%), Nigeria (3%), Venezuela (3%)
90–95% of natural gas in U.S. domestic (255,000 miles of pipeline).

10. Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas
Storage and Transport
NG is moved by pipelines from fields to consumers.
NG demand is greater in winter for heat – stored in underground storage systems
Old oil and gas wells, caverns formed in old salt beds
Can be cooled (-260 deg F) to Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
LNG can be transported in tankers over the ocean

11. Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
Processing

12. Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas
Uses - HOME
NG makes up 22% of fuel consumption in U.S.
~63% homes use for stoves, furnaces, water heaters, dryers, and other appliances.
NG is raw material for:
Paints, fertilizers, plastics, antifreeze, dyes, photographic film, medicines, explosives
Propane – barbecue grills

13. Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
Uses – INDUSTRY
Produce steel, glass, paper, clothing, brick, electricity, etc.
U.S.

14. Answer the following in your notebook.
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
25 FEB 2014
DRILL
Answer the following in your notebook.
Name some differences and similarities between a Coal and a Natural Gas.
QUIZ TOMORROW ON FOSSIL FUELS
(Energy- Fuel Sources, Coal and Natural Gas)

15. Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum or Oil
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum or Oil
Sea plants and animals died, were buried on the ocean floor, covered by layers of silt and sand.
million years – remains buried deeper.
Heat and pressure turned remains into oil and gas.

16. Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum or Crude Oil
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
Copy notes
Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum or Crude Oil
Methods of Extraction
Crude oil forms and floats toward the surface of earth’s crust – has a lower density than brine
Oil wells release petroleum to the surface.

17. Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum
Methods of Extraction
Oil Wells:
Drill bit begins cutting into rock
Drilling fluid (mixture of fluids, solids, chemicals)
Cools the drill bit
Removes cut rock (shows released oil when ready)

18. Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum
Methods of Extraction
Oil Wells:
Often, natural pressure is enough to raise oil through the well to the surface.
If not, pumps:

19. Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum
Methods of Extraction
California, 1938

20. Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum
Oil Reserves
Oil reserves are estimated quantities of recoverable petroleum
Limits to production (recovery):
Technology – geology prevents getting there
Economics – amount is not worth the cost

21. Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum
Oil Reserves

22. Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum
Oil Reserves

23. Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum
Oil Reserves

24. Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum
Oil Barrels
1 Barrel = 42 Gallons
Other nations use different units
Oil is no longer transported in barrels – tankers and pipelines

25. Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
Refining
Raw, unprocessed crude oil is mostly not useful
Varies in color – from clear to tar-black
Varies in viscosity – from water to almost-solid
Crude oil is processed and refined into more usable forms – separated into parts
Distillation – purifying a liquid by successive evaporation and condensation

26. Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
Refining
Different components of crude have different boiling points.
When a vapor cools to its boiling point, the vapor become a liquid again – like steamed water in a pot
Process:
Crude is boiled
Highest boiling points
condense first
Lower boiling points
condense last

27. Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
Refining

28. Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
Refining

29. Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum
Oil Consumption
Barrels per person per day

30. Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-2
Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum
Uses
Primarily used to achieve mobility
Manufacture medicines, fertilizers, food, plastics, building materials, paints, cloth, and to generate electricity
Physical structure and way of life of suburban communities

31. Bi-weekly Essay Assignments
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
3-1
REVIEW
Impacts Journals
Bi-weekly Essay Assignments
Due Dates
Every other Monday between now and the end of the 3rd quarter, beginning next Monday.
Follow online instructions carefully – some weeks require the completion of 2 articles.
December 15th (next Monday) and January 5th are the first two due dates.
Reminders in class are not likely.