More Reactions in Aqueous Solution: Acids and Bases

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Presentation transcript:

More Reactions in Aqueous Solution: Acids and Bases Applied Physics and Chemistry Aqueous Lecture 3

Acids Acid: From the Latin acidus, meaning sour General characteristics: Sour taste Turn blue litmus red React with bases to produce water and a salt

Arrhenius Svante Arrhenius (1859-1927) Definition of Arrhenius acid: Swedish physicist Worked on electrolytes Proposed definition of acids and bases Nobel prize in 1903 for study of solution conductivity Definition of Arrhenius acid: Acid is a substance that produces H+ ions when it is dissolved in water Strong acids: HCl, HNO3, H2SO4

Bases Base: Sometimes called alkalis General characteristics: Hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals General characteristics: Bitter taste Slippery feel Turns red litmus blue

Arrhenius Definition of Arrhenius base: Base is a substance that produces OH- ions when dissolved in water Strong bases: NaOH, KOH

Acid-Base Reactions When strong acids and strong bases are mixed, the H+ and OH- form a compound The other thing formed is called a salt Salt: ionic compound formed by reaction of acid and base Example: NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq)  ? NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq)  Na+(aq) + Cl- (aq) + H2O (l)

Another Example! Nitric acid, a strong acid, reacts with potassium hydroxide Hydrochloric acid reacts with rubidium hydroxide Sulfuric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide