Cycles of Matter December 7th, 2012.

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Presentation transcript:

Cycles of Matter December 7th, 2012

Energy Energy is crucial to an ecosystem but organisms need more than energy to survive. 95% of the body is made up of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. These elements are common on Earth but unless the elements are in a chemical form that cells can use, organisms cannot use them.

Recycling Energy and matter move through the biosphere very differently.

Recycling Matter is recycled within and between ecosystems from one organism to another and from one part to another

4 Cycles Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle Phosphorus Cycle Carbon Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle Where is nitrogen found? The atmosphere is the largest sink and is 78% nitrogen The soil In plants & animals as amino acids

Nitrogen Cycle Free Nitrogen in the atmosphere must be “fixed” from a gas (N2)to a useable substance.

Nitrogen The process by which nitrogen is “fixed” to a useable form is called Nitrogen Fixation. Nitrogen fixation is a complicated process that can happen by: bacteria in plant roots decomposers in soil (bacteria) lightning forest fires.

Nitrogen is being “fixed” in both of these photos

Nodules (clumps) of bacteria hard at work “fixing” nitrogen into plant roots…

OTHER SNEAKY STEPS Animal waste gives off nitrogen gas… Decomposing bacteria release nitrogen as they breakdown dead things.

HOW THE NITROGEN CYCLE WORKS Denitrification: The escape of nitrogen into the atmosphere.

Phosphorus Cycle Phosphorus is essential to all living organisms Forms part of your DNA and RNA Largest sink is the ground where it is stored in rocks and soil and released when they wear down

Phosphorus cycle

Carbon Cycle Four Processes involved: Biological (photosynthesis and respiration) Geochemical (volcanoes) Mixed biogeochemical (fossil fuels) Human activity (mining, burning fossil fuels)

Carbon Sinks Most of the carbon is stored underground The largest active sink for Carbon dioxide is the oceans. They absorb most manmade carbon dioxide. The Carbon dioxide concentration of the Earth’s atmosphere is 387 ppmv or 0.0387%.

Carbon Cycle

Carbon Dioxide Carbon will combine with oxygen to form carbon dioxide

Plants Take in Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and release oxygen gas (O2) in the process of photosynthesis

Photosynthesis Remember that in a chemical reaction that… Reactants → Products In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water react in the presence of sunlight to form oxygen and glucose.

Photosynthesis The formula for photosynthesis is Carbon dioxide + water → oxygen gas + glucose We can balanced the equation and substitute the correct chemical symbols and it looks like… 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → 6 O2 + C6H12O6

Cellular Respiration How do we get the energy that our cells need? We eat to provide energy for our cells which in turn use that energy to carry out their jobs. When the cells “burn” glucose for energy, the process is called cellular respiration.

Cellular Respiration Our cells take in oxygen and glucose from the blood stream to use as energy and produce carbon dioxide and water as products. We can balanced the equation and substitute the correct chemical symbols and it looks like… 6 O2 + C6H12O6 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O Does this look familiar?

Paired processes Why do you think Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are considered paired processes? Photosynthesis 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → 6 O2 + C6H12O6 Cellular Respiration 6 O2 + C6H12O6 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

The end…