1. BioGeoChemical Cycles

2. ENERGY & MATTER Energy is not the only thing that moves through the ecosystem. Atoms are never destroyed... only transformed. Take a deep breath. The atoms you just inhaled may have been inhaled by a dinosaur millions of years ago. http://educ.queensu.ca/~fmc/august2004/pages/dinobreath.html

3. 4 ATOMS make up 95% of the body in most organisms CARBON HYDROGEN OXYGEN NITROGEN The same molecules are passed around again and again within the biosphere in ___________________________ BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

4. WATER CYCLE = ___________________ HYDROLOGIC CYCLE http://www.urbanrivers.org/water_cycle.html

5. WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT? Makes up 60-70% of your body Oxygen and Hydrogen are found in all the ________________________: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids Hydrogen in H 2 O supplies protons (H + ) & electrons for_______________ http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.htm building blocks of cells photosynthesis

6. WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT? Water is a good _________________ Many molecules dissolve in water so it provides a place for chemical reactions to happen Water doesn ’ t change temperature easily so it helps with __________________ http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.htm SOLVENT HOMEOSTASIS

7. WATER CYCLE evaporation condensation http://www.radio-canada.ca/jeunesse/fd6/000_images/cat/c_buee_c.gif

8. The return of water to the surface in the form of rain, snow, sleet, hail, etc. = ____________________ The evaporation of water from the surface of plant leaves = ________________ http://www.css.cornell.edu/faculty/hmv1/watrshed/Etrans.htm TRANSPIRATION PRECIPITATION

9. PH ONLINE LINK Put in code: cbp-2033 Choose Start Image edited from: http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/water.html WATER CYCLE

10. CARBON CYCLE CO 2 in atmosphere CO 2 in ocean BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

11. 4 main CARBON reservoirs in BIOSPHERE CO 2 in atmosphere CO 2 in Ocean BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006 1.In ____________ as CO 2 gas 2.In _______ as dissolved CO 2 gas 3.On _______ in organisms, rocks, soil 4.__________ as coal & petroleum (fossil fuels) and calcium carbonate in rocks atmosphere ocean land Underground

12. Where does CO 2 in atmosphere come from? CO 2 in atmosphere CO 2 in Ocean BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006 1.________________ 2.______________ 3._________________ 4.____________ of dead organisms Volcanic activity Human activity (burning fossil fuels) Cellular respiration Decomposition

13. WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT? Found in all the _______________ of cells: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids Image by Riedell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm BUILDING BLOCKS

14. WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT? Carbon in CO 2 provides the atoms for __________ production during __________________... the fuel that all living things depend on. http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPGhttp://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpg GLUCOSE PHOTOSYNTHESIS

15. N 2 in Atmosphere NH 3 NO 3 - and NO 2 - Section 3-3 NITROGEN CYCLE BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

16. WHY IS NITROGEN IMPORTANT? Image by Riedell __________________make DNA and RNA Adenine (nitrogen base) is used in _______ Makes AMINO part of _________ (proteins) Image by Riedell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm NITROGEN BASES ATP amino acids

17. 79% of the atmosphere is made up of NITROGEN gas (N 2 ) Image by Riedell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm BUT we _____ use the nitrogen gas we breathe! The bond in N 2 gas is so strong it can only be broken by _______________ ____________________ CAN ’ T lightning Volcanic activity few special bacteria

18. http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/images/101nodules21.gif Bacteria that live ______________ and in _________ relationships with plants called _________, take nitrogen from the atmosphere and turn it into ______________, a form that is usable by plants. THIS PROCESS IS CALLED _________________ in the soil symbiotic legumes AMMONIA (NH 3 ) NITROGEN FIXATION

19. Image from: http://www.utdallas.edu/images/departments/biology/misc/gonzalez-image.jpg and http://www.cibike.org/CartoonEating.gif modified by Riedell Other bacteria in the soil convert ammonia into ________________ & _________________ which plants can also use. The nitrogen we need for proteins, ATP, and nucleic acids comes from the ___________ ___________ we breathe! NITRATES (NO 3 - ) FOOD WE EAT NOT THE AIR & NITRITES (NO 2 - )

20. N 2 in Atmosphere NH 3 NO 3 - and NO 2 - Section 3-3 NITROGEN CYCLE BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

21. Bacteria that live ______________ also carry out the reverse process ___________ → _____________. THIS PROCESS IS CALLED _________________ in the soil NITRATES & NITRITES NITROGEN GAS DENITRIFICATION

22. PHOSPHORUS CYCLE Weathering wears away rocks and sediments and releases phosphate into soil and water Image from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Producers absorb phosphate from soil and water Phosphate moves through food web Phosphate returns to soil and water from waste or decomposition Sediments form “ new land ” to complete cycle

23. Phosphorus cycle is only biogeochemical cycle that does NOT cycle through the ______________ BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006 atmosphere

24. WHY IS PHOSPHORUS IMPORTANT? Image by Riedell Makes DNA and RNA Transfers energy as ATP Makes phospholipids for cell membranes Image by Riedell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm

25. Oxygen-Carbon Dioxide Cycle Both are GASSES important to all living things. Unlike water which always stays water, oxygen (O 2 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) convert back and forth as they cycle on the planet.

28. ANIMAL CONTRIBUTION During respiration (breathing), animals inhale oxygen (O 2 ) and convert it to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).

29. PLANT CONTRIBUTION During photosynthesis (the process where plants make food for themselves) plants breathe in carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and exhale oxygen (O 2 ).

30. DECOMPOSERS Dead organic material contains carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), so as decomposers break down the tissue, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere.

31. FOSSIL FUELS Oil, Gas, Coal are examples. When these fuels are burned, they release carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water (H 2 O) into the atmosphere.