2. 3.3 CYCLES OF MATTER Matter is RECYCLED within or between ecosystems Why is it Recycled? Biological systems do not use up matter they transform it.

3. I. Biogeochemical Cycles A. The paths (cycles) where Elements, compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another. – Bio: – Geo: – Chemical: Did you ever wonder if the oxygen molecules that we breathe may have been inhaled by the dinosaurs? Did you ever wonder if the oxygen molecules that we breathe may have been inhaled by the dinosaurs? –Life –Earth (biosphere) -elements or compounds

4. A review of the water cycle

6. Which body systems are involved in the water cycle? Excretory Excretory –Elimination water through urine Integumentary Integumentary –Elimination of water through sweating.

7. It's all about Carbon-NPR It's all about Carbon-NPR It's all about Carbon-NPR It's all about Carbon-NPR

8. II. CARBON (C) A. Carbon is the building block for the matter that makes up the bodies of living things. B. Decomposing organisms put carbon in the ground – 1.Which over time turn into Fossil Fuels (coal, petroleum) C. Carbon is also found in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide gas. 1.From Volcanoes, Respiration (Breathing), Burning Fossil Fuels

9. Photosynthesis & Cell Respiration Most autotrophs Most autotrophs Takes in CO 2 Takes in CO 2 Gives off O 2 Gives off O 2 Process that makes food/carbohydrates from Carbon and water using energy from sun. Process that makes food/carbohydrates from Carbon and water using energy from sun. Plants and animals Plants and animals Takes in O 2 Takes in O 2 Gives off CO 2 Gives off CO 2 Process that changes food (made by autotrophs or consumed by heterotrophs) into energy. Process that changes food (made by autotrophs or consumed by heterotrophs) into energy. D. How autotrophs and heterotrophs affect the Carbon cycle:

10. Which 4 systems are involved in the Carbon cycle? Respiratory Respiratory Circulatory Circulatory Digestive Digestive Excretory Excretory

11. Respiratory & Circulatory Systems 1. Begins in the respiratory system when you breath in air. 2. Lungs fill up. 3. Oxygen (O 2 ) moves from lungs into the bloodstream entering the circulatory system. 4. Blood takes O 2 to all cells in your body. 5. O 2 is used by cells giving off CO 2 as a waste product. 6. Blood picks up CO 2 from cells and delivers it to the lungs. 7. CO 2 is exhaled and returned to the atmosphere.

12. Digestive System 1. An organism consumes another organism. 2. Throughout the digestive system, enzymes break down the food into a form usable to our cells (nutrients), or into waste. 3. Nutrients are moved through the intestines then into the blood where it is transferred to all of the body’s cells. 4. Waste passes through the rectum and is eliminated from the body.

13. photosynthesis respiration feeding Volcanic activity decomposition Fossil fuel photosynthesis respiration deposition uplift erosion Human activity feeding

15. Carbon Cycle and Global Warming - YouTube Carbon Cycle and Global Warming - YouTube Carbon Cycle and Global Warming - YouTube Carbon Cycle and Global Warming - YouTube

17. B.Why is nitrogen necessary ? 1. Makes up amino acids which are the building blocks of protein. 2. Makes part of DNA. 3. Heterotrophs get nitrogen from their food 4. Autotrophs get nitrogen from soil/water. A. Chemical element that is found in ALL living things and makes up 78% of the atmosphere III. NITROGEN (N)

18. C. Forms of Nitrogen 1.Free Nitrogen = Nitrogen gas=N 2 a)free nitrogen CANNOT be used by most organisms. b)Harmless to most organisms 2.Fixed Nitrogen = Nitrogen containing compounds a)fixed nitrogen is USED by organisms b)Forms of fixed Nitrogen 1.nitrites (NO 3 - ) 2.nitrates (NO 2 - ) 3.ammonia (NH 3 )

19. D. Nitrogen Fixation 1. The process of changing free nitrogen gas-N 2, into usable forms of Nitrogen. a)Some organisms ‘Fix’ the N 2 gas for us so that our cells can use it: I.Nitrogen fixating bacteria live on nodules found on roots of legumes. Examples of Legumes: beans, peas, alfalfa, peanuts, clover b) Lightning also fixes nitrogen in the atmosphere.

21. E. Denitrification 1. Process of changing fixed Nitrogen compounds into free nitrogen gas (N 2 ) a)Denitrifying bacteria(decomposers) break down Nitrogen compounds in dead organic matter and put N 2 into atmosphere.

22. Which body systems are involved in the Nitrogen cycle? Digestive Digestive Excretory Excretory

23. Digestive System Organisms consume other organism. Organisms consume other organism. The fixed nitrogen is delivered to all the cells via the blood (circulatory). The fixed nitrogen is delivered to all the cells via the blood (circulatory). Some may be eliminated as waste. Some may be eliminated as waste.

24. Excretory System Helps in maintaining homeostasis of blood. Helps in maintaining homeostasis of blood. –Removes metabolic wastes (including excess nitrogen) in the form of urea via your urine. Urea is a toxic compound produced when amino acids are used for energy. Urea is a toxic compound produced when amino acids are used for energy.

26. Nitrogen Cycle,Nitrogen Fixation - Explanation in animation – YouTube Nitrogen Cycle,Nitrogen Fixation - Explanation in animation – YouTube Nitrogen Cycle,Nitrogen Fixation - Explanation in animation – YouTube Nitrogen Cycle,Nitrogen Fixation - Explanation in animation – YouTube

27. IV. Phosphorus (P) Cycle A.Phosphorus is in DNA and RNA B.Comes from rocks & fertilizers C.Not Common in Biosphere 1.Does NOT enter Atmosphere

28. 2. Moves through the FOOD CHAIN Back into ground once an organism decomposes

29. Which body system is involved in the phosphorus cycle? Digestive Digestive –An organism eats another organism and absorbs phosphorus in the intestines. –The phosphorus moves from intestines into the blood stream (circulatory system). –The blood delivers the phosphorus to all cells where it is used to make DNA and RNA.

30. V. Limiting Nutrient A. When an ecosystem is limited by a single nutrient that is scarce or cycles very slowly B. Farmers often add fertilizer containing 3 important nutrients; N, P and Potassium (K), because of possible limits in the availability of each in the soil.

31. C. Examples of Limiting Nutrients: 1.Nitrogen is often the limiting nutrient in some ocean communities because it contains only 0.00005% of the N that is available on land. 2.Phosphorus is often the limiting nutrient in some streams, lakes and freshwater.