Carbon Foot Printing for Textile Industries Training on “Reducing Carbon Foot Print in Textile Industries” Carbon Foot Printing for Textile Industries Windsor Suite Hotel, Bangkok 27 October 2010 Dr. Balasankari B.E., M.Engg., Ph.D Arul Joe Mathias B.E., M.Engg., MBA

WHAT IS CARBON FOOT PRINTING (CFP)? GHG emission caused directly or indirectly by an individual, event or product Measure of environmental impact Considers CO2 and GHG emissions Unit: t CO2e

APPROACHES… Accounts energy inputs and emission outputs Limited to emissions effects on climate change Consider life cycle assessment

TYPES OF CFP Organisational carbon foot print deals with entire activities Product carbon foot print (single product / activity / service) deals with life of product All activities and products through the supply chain Considers right from production to until end use

STANDARDS FOR CFP GHG protocol Carbon trust standard ISO 14064-1 PAS 2050 Legal sector alliance protocol

SCOPES Scope 1 - direct emission Scope 2 - indirect emission due to the generation of purchased electricity Scope 3 - all other indirect emissions

STEPS TO BE FOLLOWED Decision on the method/procedure/standard to be followed Identification of organisational and operational boundaries Collection of data Application of the emissions factors Verification of the results Devising a strategy to reduce emission Verifying the actions to reduce emission

REPORTING Is based on GHG protocol corporate standards Includes Required Information Optional Information

Carbon Foot Printing inTextile Industries

INTRODUCTION Textile industries are the biggest sources of GHGs Clothing industry accounts for 4% of global CFP >1 million tons of textiles are thrown away each year They do not decompose quickly Generate methane while decomposing (e.g. woolen garments)

Ultimate Result global warming SIGNIFICANCE Significant in entire processes from cotton growing to until delivery to retailers and final disposal Cotton cultivation practices – chemicals & machineries, Ginning – electricity Spinning – humidification & other electrical applications Wet processing – heat & chemicals Garment, carpet, woollen, jute - electricity & chemicals Logistics to retailer – transportation : fossil fuels Ultimate Result global warming

GLOBAL IMPACT For producing 60 billion kg of fabric every year 132 million metric tons of coal is burnt and 9 trillion litres of water is used In 2009, first carbon foot print for textile and related products were released in UK

CO2 CONTRIBUTION FROM TEXTILE SECTORS 1 3

CFP REDUCTION OPTIONS Energy efficiency measures Use of renewable energy

CFP REDUCTION POTENTIALS Spinning – potential to reduce energy use by 10% Water treatment – potential to reduce about 20% emissions reduction Dyeing – Some of the new technologies and organic dyestuffs reduce emissions by about 20% Finishing – old machinery replacement and elimination of diesel generators reduce emission by 15%

EXAMPLE FOR CFP REDUCTION 25% savings in climate change impact for gentle power bleach

GENTLE POWER BLEACH Peroxide bleach preparation at mild conditions (at low temperature of 65oC & neutral pH) Enhanced quality No fiber damage Increased garment durability Enzyme technology Saves in energy and water Reduces cotton weight loss

Case Study 1 CFP of A T-shirt White colour Men’s T-shirt Large size

CONTINENTAL CLOTHING COMPANY Products: Blank printable t-shirts, polo shirts and sweat shirts

PROCESSES INVOLVED Organic cotton farming Ginning Spinning Knitting Dyeing Cutting and sewing Transport to harbor Ship transport Transport to shops Usage by user Final disposal

CFP OF A T-SHIRT – NORMAL PROCESS CFP of one t-shirt adds – 6.5 - 7kg CO2

CFP MEASURES Organic farming Natural irrigation practice 100% certified organic cotton shirts Natural irrigation practice Cotton farms were located in such a way that monsoon rain could supply 95% of water Renewable energy use Production facility is powered by a nearby wind farm

CFP MEASURES … Cotton waste generated Dyes Packaging used as organic fertiliser or used for other textile and upholstery products Dyes made in controlled environment wastewater is thoroughly treated Packaging using biodegradable or 100% recycled materials.

CFP ASSESSMENT PROCESS

CFP REDUCTION USING RENEWABLES Actual CFP of a T-shirt with grid usage: 6.5 kg CO2e CFP after RE measure: 0.65kg

Case Study 2 CFP of a woolen sweater Merino wool Normal size

PROCESSES CONTRIBUTING TO CFP Starts from sheep breeding and ends in final disposal of the sweater by end user Sheep breeding Wool scouring/shearing Sorting and grading Dyeing Spinning Knitting All packaging Transportation to distribution centers and stores Washing by user Final disposal

CONSIDERATIONS FOR CFP Boundary for CFP calculation: Entire production chain Life Cycle Analysis methodology CFP was estimated by means of the leading textile company

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