1. Slaying the Carbon Dragon: Making sense of carbon footprinting Lunch Hour Talk September 08 2011, Intaka

2. Carbon Calculated Founded 2008 Need for cost-effective solution Trained in GHG Protocol (WRI & WBCSD) - organisational - project - verification - CarbonKnown

3. Myriad concepts Operational boundary Organisational boundary Indirect emissions Direct emissions Scope 1, 2 &3 Emissions factors Global warming potentials CO 2 e Uplift factors

4. Purpose of a carbon footprint What is a GHG? Not just Carbon dioxide - 6 main GHGs, incl: CO 2, SF 6, CH 4, N 2 O, HFCs, PFCs To capture as many DIRECT GHG emissions and INDIRECT GHG emissions as possible from an organisation/product. “You can’t manage what you can’t measure”

5. Different methodologies Methodologies Greenhouse Gas Protocol ISO 14064 PAS 2050 (product) Feeds into: 1.Carbon Disclosure Project (Q7-15) 2.JSE SRI 3.Global Reporting Initiative (EN16-20) 4. Various climate registries All born out of GHG Protocol

6. Direct & indirect emissions Direct emissions Emissions from equipment that an organisation owns or has control of. Indirect emissions Emissions that an organisation’s activities are responsible for, but for which they do not own the equipment. -Vehicle fleet - Air conditioning & refrigeration - Generators -Electricity - Air travel - Office paper -Commuting - Logisitics

7. Emission scopes Purposefully confusing, but does prevent double-counting! Compulsory vs. voluntary

8. So how do you do it? Emission factor Turns activity into actual GHG emissions. Multiply the volume of activity by an emission factor E.g. electricity Currently Eskom EF for electricity = 0.99 kgCO 2 per kWh Vodacom SA 2011: 297 615 982kWh = 294 640tCO 2 e

9. Footnotes on EFs Emission factors: Constantly changing E.g. Electricity was 0.96kgCO 2 /kWh An evolving science Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) “Potency of a GHG to CO 2 in terms of it’s global warming potential” Methane (CH4) = 21 Freon (HCFC22) = 1 500 SF 6 - 22 800

10. Emission scopes Purposefully confusing, but does prevent double-counting! Compulsory vs. voluntary

11. Getting the carbon message The South African reality - It’s the energy, Stupid!

12. Getting the carbon message Cost of electricity The South African Reality 2010-11: 24.8% (ave. R0.4131/kWh) 2011-12: 25.1% (ave. R0.5168/kWh) 2012-13: 25.9% (ave. R0.6506/kWh) Total increase: 75.8% over 3 years Source: Electricity Monitor

13. Getting the carbon message The South African Reality Cost of carbon Fossil fuel levy: 2c/kWh Carbon tax: R165/tonne? I kWh = 0.99kg C0 2 I kWh in 2013 = 65c + 16.4c = R0.81 National GHG reduction targets: 34% by 2020; 42% by 2025 agains B.A.U

14. Getting the carbon message Target: Reduce emissions 12%/FTE; 2007-15 Achieved: 13% energy reduction/FTE; Carbon neutrality Interventions: Motion sensors, heat pumps, building retrofitting; offsetting Financial investment: R6,6 million (excl. offsetting) Financial savings: R36 million

15. Getting the carbon message Target: Reduce absolute emissions 10% by 2009-12 Achieved: 29% energy efficiency at Medupi expansion; 60% reduction in eco-friendly housing; 17% savings from co-generation at Namakwa Sands Interventions: wind & solar; co-generation; carbon credit trading Financial savings: R21 million per year

16. Getting the carbon message Target: Reduce emissions 30%/m 2 2006-12 Achieved: 10% reduction in relative energy use from 2004; 35% reduction in refrigerant energy in select stores; Midrand distribution centre savings 9 370km per week. Interventions: Energy efficiencies; reduced product miles Financial savings: R10 million

17. Thank you Alex Hetherington Tel: 021-685-7192 alex@carboncalculated.co.za www.carboncalculated.co.za