1 Energy Facility Project Drivers Wyoming Pipeline Authority July 2006

2 UniField Profile UniField Profile Markets 70% Power Generation, Hydrocarbon, Basic Chemicals 20% Cement, Minerals & Metals 10% Advanced Materials & Specialty Chemicals Distribution West & Upper-Midwest Billings, Vancouver WA Bismarck 10% annual growth Product Process Facility Capital Projects Up to $250MM Facility Revamp & Expansion Pilot & Demonstration Plants Technology Support – Not a Driver History Hydrocarb, Power & Metals - 87 Intl Process Technology - 96 Specialty Chem - WA in 97 ND & MN - 04 Leader of Industry Followers

3 25 Yr Market Profiles Petroleum Refining Industrial/Commercial Power Generation Oil & Gas

4 Regional Profile WY & Dakotas – Fossil Resources – No Markets – Market Access Impediments – Open to Development WA, OR, UT & Idaho – Few Fossil Resources – Hydro & Wind – Mod to Large Markets – Less Open to Development Montana – Fossil Resources – No Markets – Long Distance to Markets – Less Open to Development

5 Petroleum Refining 1970s: Arab Oil Embargo - Bought Coal, Oil Shale & started SynFuels. 1980s – 90s: EPA Solid Waste Mandates – Cleanup, Closures & Consolidation – Adapted Gasification & Sold Coal Reserves : EPA Air Mandates - Low Sulfur Diesel & Gasoline Investment – Higher Natural Gas & Hydrogen Demand – Tighter Fuel Supplies & Higher Prices – Ethanol Production & Blending : Political Instabilities - Higher Crude & Fuel Prices – Coker Upgrades & Conserv – Consider Coke Gasific – Ethanol Speculation : Better Syn-Crude Supply – Crude Unit Upgrades - Higher Fuel & Coke Supply in Rockies – Liquid Pipeline Expansions – Start of Gasification & Cellulose Ethanol Projects.

6 Industrial & Commercial 1970s – 80s: Large Central Stations – Low Power Prices - Small Coal-fired Plants Closed & Low Cogeneration Starts - Conversion from Coal to Gas – Low Capital Spending. 1990s - 02: Low Gas Supply & CAA Compliance – Industrials Convert from Gas to Coal – PRB Coal Development & Prices Increase - Rail Transportation Tightens – High International Capital Spending : High Fuel & Power Prices – Some Convert from Coal to Coke – Aluminum & Metals Move Offshore - Wind, Biomass & Solar Considered – Unprecedented Industrial Spending : Fuel & Power Prices, Tight Transport & Global Warming Concern – Coal Cogeneration at all Scales – Green Buildings, LEED & EnergyStar Increase - CHCP, Solar & Conservation Projects – Tighter Money Supply & Lower Commodity Prices – Higher Imports.

7 Power Generation 1970s - 90: Low Gas Prices & Large Central Plants – High Installation of Gas Plants - Low Installation of Coal-fired Plants – Coal CFB Commercialization. 1990s - 02: Low Gas Supply & CAA Compliance – PRB Coal Compliance Coal Conversions – Low New Plant Construction : Blackouts - High Power Prices & Higher Gas Plant Install - Enron Cancellation of Gas Projects – Housing Construction & Gas Prices Continue – Coal Plant Construction Increase – IGCC & Super Criticals Commercialized : High Power Prices, Tight Transmission & Global Warming Concern – Continued Gas Projects & Low Coal Power Acceptance – Continued High Gas Prices - Increased IGCC, SC, CO2 Capture & Gasification – Transmission Constrained.

8 Oil & Gas : Low Gas Prices – Low onshore E&D – Development of EOR, CO2 cycling & CBM Extraction : Low Gas Supply – Increased Gas Prices & Technology Deployment : Continued High Gas Prices & Initiation of CO2 Sequestration – Increased Production & EOR Demand – Increased interest in CO2 Capture : Tight Power Transmission, Rail & Low Coal Generation Acceptance– Stranded Coal, Coke & Lignite – High Oil & Gas Prices – EOR, Merchant & Refinery Gasification, Pre & Post Combustion CO2 control – Pipeline Capacity Expansion.

9 Project Drivers Capital – Technology – Production Scale – Site – Escalation Market Timing – Lead-times – Project Duration Infrastructure – Utilities, Transportation & Interconnect – Air permitting & Water availability – Construction & Operating labor Finance – Margin – Term – Interest rate

10 General 2006 – 10 Outlook Low Acceptance of Coal-fired Power & Global Warming Concern – Increased interest in CO2 Control – Technology Investment. Tight Power, Rail & Pipeline Transmission - Continued High Fuel Prices - Stranded Coal, Crude, Coke & Lignite Assets – Project Investment. Tightened International Money Supply High Fuel & Power Prices – Increased Imports & Interest Rates – Softening in Demand, Greater Commodity Supply – Lower Margins - Decreased Technology & Projects Investment. * Contingent on Political Stability

11 Thank You.