HISTORY OF TRANSYLVANIA Hungarians first stop was in Transylvania The “gyula” vs. St. Steven.

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Presentation transcript:

HISTORY OF TRANSYLVANIA Hungarians first stop was in Transylvania The “gyula” vs. St. Steven

About the origin of the Székelys Descendants of the in the 11th century from Hungary resettled people Descendants of Attila’s Huns

Transylvania in the medieval Hungarian Kingdom After the Mongol Invasion Voivodes (vajdák) as the lord of the territory By the end of the 13th century the royal county structure disintegrated

Székelys Similar to the nobility The „seats” (székek): Udvarhely, Maros, Csík, Aranyos, Sepsi, Kézdi, Orbai Saxon (szász) and Romanian seats The diets at Thorenburg (Torda) The Ottoman threat János Hunyadi

The establishing of the Principality of Transylvania The Ottomans and the Habsburgs John Szapolyai (Szapolyai János) vs. Habsburg Ferdinand The three parts of Hungary Transylvania as a political entity –the Unions of the Three Estates (1437, 1459) –the Diet of Torda (1542): John Sigismund (János Zsigmond) was elected Prince

Szapolyai

Stephen Báthori Reformation and Religious freedom Stephen Bocskai

Gábor Bethlen vs. Habsburgs He was elected King of Hungary in 1620 Immigration of Vlachs (Romans) Transylvanian Renaissance

The Principality of Transylvania Imre Thököly The peace of Karlóca The Kuruc Rebellion The changing of the ethnic balance

The Principality of Transylvania Nationalism and liberalism Transylvania’s population in 1841 Total: 2.14 million inhabitants –1.29 million Romanians, – Hungarians, – Germans, – Gypsies, –9.100 Armenians (örmények), –3.155 Jews

Backward agriculture and economy The events of 1848 The Austro-Hungarian Compromise (kiegyezés) (1867) → Transylvania lost her political autonomy

Transylvania as a part of the Hungarian Kingdom ( ) Magyarization → passivism World War I On November 11th 1918, Emperor Karl I. abdicated The Peace of Trianon