2.  (r. 1657-1705)Head of the Austrian Habsburg, emperor ruler in Austria, king of Bohemia, and the king of Hungary, which he reconquered from the Turks. Also the Holy Roman Emperor.  He was deeply religious  Married three times, and had 16 sons and daughters.  Palace in the outskirts of Vienna, “Sch ӧ nbrunn”

3. “Sch ӧ nbrunn” Leopold’s palace. Leopold I

4.  Grand vizier*, Kara Mustafa, marched up to the Danube river, and sieged Vienna  Leopold was forced to flee the city  In September, after the two month siege, the rallied forces who had received the pope’s blessing, defeated the Turks and the grand vizier fled south.  The battle ended in the Treat of Carlowitz, a treaty between the Austrian Habsburgs and the Ottoman Turks confirming the Hapsburgs had reconquest of Hungary in 1699. * Chief Minister of the Ottoman Sultan

5.  Although the ottomans had lost Hungary, they continued to hold the Balkins and challenge Russia in the northern Black Sea.  Francis II Rákóczi, Prince of Transylvania, also the person who lead the last major rebellion against the Habsburgs in Hungary.  The Hapsburgs rallied non-Hungarians to fight in the siege. This resulted in the Peace of Szatm á r.

6.  Devastated the Hungarian countryside and vast stretches of farmland lay unoccupied.  This event allowed for the Habsburgs’ reconquest of Hungary  By 1687, Leopold was the king of the vast majority of Hungary.  He summoned the Hungarian diet, where he convinced the deputies that the crown of the Habsburg empire was not elected but hereditary.  This later became War of the Austrian Succession. Which was fought on the land and sea in Europe, the Americas, and India.

7. 1640-1740 Fredrick William von Hohenzollern, know as the great elector, became the ruler of Brandenburg in 1640, at the age of 20. He was one of the eight German princes entitled to elect the hold roman emperor. His land in Germany was weak after the 30 years’ war which had devastated his land, but after the peace of Westphalia, he started to create the modern state of Prussia.

8.  After Frederick William von Hohenzollern’s rule Frederick William I, his grandson, became the king of Prussia.  Though was known as a strict ruler he is remembered as a very successful ruler.  After his death Prussia’s army had eighty thousand men, the fourth largest army in Europe.  He was succeeded by his son Frederick II.

9.  Frederick II was the king of Prussia during the time of the Austrian Succession.  He is most well known for his attack on Maria Teresa, Charles VI daughter  Maria Teresa as the daughter and heir to the Habsburg throne was not allowed to follow in her fathers succession when Charles died. However, she did follow as the ruler of the family’s hereditary lands.