Living in harmony with the environment in a precarious situation? Example of Eastern Chad by Arnold Egli, Consultant for natural and renewable resources management with SHA and UNHCR

Chad 7 Mio habitants 110 different ethnically different populations Land locked country 1‘280‘000 km2 main activities: live stock keeping, agriculture for subsistence and the market, cotton as a cash crop Exploitation of petrol since July 2004 Important, not yet exploited gas resources One of the poorest country in the world Again affected by a drought and hunger!!!

East of Chad Land area: 60'000 km2 Border with Sudan 600 km Local pop. density: < 4 h / km2 Big animals: 3.5 Mio Rainfall: 0 and 600 mm, Irregular distribution

Refugee's Operation of UNHCR and contribution of SHA approx. 220'000 refugees 60 -80‘000 IDP since 2006 First camp opens in January 2004, newest in April 2005 Camp size: 12 and 30'000 people Camps equiped with nutrition center, first aid station, primary schools, police guard, community services, Water supply: 11 to 18 l/p/d (drinking water quality) Food supply approx. 2000 kcal/p/d Costs: 80 Mio US $ (2004); 55 US $ (2005); 40 Mio US $ (in 2006); 2011 ? Contribution SHA - 1 site planner 2004 - 1 water specialist 2004 to 2010 - 1 environment specialist 2004 to 2006 and 2011

Zustand und Anfälligkeit der Ökosysteme (Sahel Tschad) Nach Norden abnehmender Niederschlag und zunehmende Anfälligkeit des Ökosystems

Main Refugee’s Zones 12 camps répartis en 4 zones avec des caractéristiques propres (unités d’analyse)

Main Challenges Drinking water Houshold Energy Energy wood supply and saving Energy wood substitution Wood supply for light wood construction (eg. Roof) Data basis on wood utilization (and supply) Data basis on vegetation‘s develop. in the region Environment managment practice Healthy and well nourished animal Security Presence of development actors

Estimated Wood Production et Consumption at Eastern Chad Zone Chef lieu Couvert forestier Consommation de bois   Production accessible Sans Economie Economie Ref 20 / Loc - Economie Ref 50 / Loc 50 Ratio C/P t/an % 1 Bahai 3 960 11 714 296 9 779 247 5 857 148 2 Iriba, Guereda 40 703 54 623 134 49 736 122 27 312 67 3 Farchana 90 419 99 822 110 94 293 104 49 914 55 4 Goz Beida 127 335 56 557 44 53 813 42 28 279 22

Main activity since 2004 Wood collecting and distribution

Wood saving 1 Traditional fire place

Wood saving 2 … by improved mud stove

Wood saving 3 … and more of these wood saving stoves! Metallic stove "Save80" Metallic stove "Central African Stove„ Mud stove mobil

Wood saving 4 The new member of the group: AFRAH since 2011

Wood substitution 1 Briquettes of different materials Cardboard, Doum kernel, mixture of…

Wood Substitution 2 Solar cookers – Different Types

Wood Substitution 3 Solar water heater

Wood substitution 4 Biogas digester /

Wood restoring activities 1 Tree production, planting and protection

Wood restoring activities 2 Forest land protection and managment

Main Challenges 2006 2011 Drinking water available +++ Houshold Energy available + Energy wood supply and saving ++ Energy wood substitution (*) Wood supply for light wood construction (eg. Roof) Data basis on wood utilization (and supply) (*) Data basis on vegetation‘s develop. in the region (*) Environment managment practice (*) Healthy and well nourished animal Security Presence of development actors

Estimated Wood Production et Consumption at Eastern Chad Zone Chef lieu Couvert forestier Consommation de bois   Production accessible Sans Economie Economie Ref 20 / Loc - Economie Ref 50 / Loc 50 Ratio C/P t/an % 1 Bahai 3 960 11 714 296 9 779 247 5 857 148 2 Iriba, Guereda 40 703 54 623 134 49 736 122 27 312 67 3 Farchana 90 419 99 822 110 94 293 104 49 914 55 4 Goz Beida 127 335 56 557 44 53 813 42 28 279 22

Thank you for your attention! Sustainably yours!