After Muhammad Death of Muhammad in 632 led to establishment of caliphs, or successors to the prophet (Abu Bakr) United tribes went on the offensive, establishing.

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Presentation transcript:

After Muhammad Death of Muhammad in 632 led to establishment of caliphs, or successors to the prophet (Abu Bakr) United tribes went on the offensive, establishing the caliphate

Expansion of Islam-to 632

Expansion first via military, then merchants, missionaries, Sufis Sharia law governed all aspects of life in these conquered areas Expansion led to factionalism within the umma Sunnis-Followers of Abu Bakr Shia-Followers of Ali

The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750) Capital in Damascus Controlled by Arab military aristocracy Required jizya from other faiths Rebellion in Persia brought it to an end

The Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258) More cosmopolitan-Baghdad Focused on consolidation rather than conquest Islamic “Golden Age” Increasingly dominated by Turkic peoples Officially ended w/Mongol sack of Baghdad in 1258

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