1. Rise of Islam

2. Escape from Mecca… Muhammad born to merchant family
Muhammad was forced out of Mecca in 622
Migrated north w/followers to city of Medina (hejira)

3. …to Medina
Muhammad became both a political and religious leader in Medina
This marks the beginning of the ummah, or community of Muslim believers

4. Return to Mecca Muhammad and his followers returned to Mecca in 630
Destroyed all the idols in the Ka'ba
Mecca became the holiest city in Islam

5. Teachings of Islam Islam means “submission”
A Muslim is one who submits to the will of God
Qur'an contains the word of God as it was revealed to Muhammad

6. The 5 Pillars of Islam I. Belief in one God. II. Prayer 5 times a day.
III. Giving of alms (charity)
IV. Fasting (Ramadan)
V. Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj)

7. 

10. After Muhammad
Death of Muhammad in 632 led to establishment of caliphs, or successors to the prophet
United tribes went on the offensive, establishing the caliphate

11. Expansion of Islam
Islam quickly won converts throughout the Middle East, North Africa, and Europe
Within 100 years, Muslim world was larger than Roman Empire at its height

12. Sharia law governed all aspects of life in these conquered areas
Expansion led to factionalism within the umma
Sunni-Followers of Abu Bakr
Shia-Followers of Ali

14. Expansion of Islam by 8th c.