Flow–volume loops of test breaths and preceding control breaths of three representative chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with different degrees.

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Flow–volume loops of test breaths and preceding control breaths of a representative chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient with different degrees.

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Presentation transcript:

Flow–volume loops of test breaths and preceding control breaths of three representative chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with different degrees of flow limitation: a) not flow limited, b) flow limited over less than 50% of tidal volume (VT) an... Flow–volume loops of test breaths and preceding control breaths of three representative chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with different degrees of flow limitation: a) not flow limited, b) flow limited over less than 50% of tidal volume (VT) and c) flow limited from peak expiratory flow. Arrows indicate points at which negative expiratory pressure (NEP) was applied and removed. Reproduced and modified from [11] with permission from the publisher. N.G. Koulouris, and G. Hardavella Eur Respir Rev 2011;20:147-155 ©2011 by European Respiratory Society