1. a) Operating lung volumes and b) breathing frequency (Fb) during incremental cycle exercise in patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and age-matched healthy controls.
a) Operating lung volumes and b) breathing frequency (Fb) during incremental cycle exercise in patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and age-matched healthy controls. Data are presented as mean±sem. Square symbols represent tidal volume-ventilation inflection points. TLC: total lung capacity; EILV: end-inspiratory lung volume; EELV: end-expiratory lung volume. *: p<0.05 COPD versus healthy controls at rest, at standardised work rates or at peak exercise. Reproduced and modified from [17] with permission.
Denis E. O'Donnell et al. Eur Respir Rev 2016;25:
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