1. a–f) Diaphragm electromyography (EMGdi) and selected ventilatory and indirect gas exchange responses to incremental cycle exercise test in patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and age-matched healthy controls.
a–f) Diaphragm electromyography (EMGdi) and selected ventilatory and indirect gas exchange responses to incremental cycle exercise test in patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and age-matched healthy controls. Data are presented as mean±sem. Square symbols represent tidal volume-ventilation inflection points. EMGdi/EMGdi,max: an index of inspiratory neural drive to the crural diaphragm; V′E: minute ventilation; V′E/V′CO2: ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide; PETCO2: partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide; SpO2: arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry. *: p<0.05 for COPD versus healthy controls at rest, at standardised work rates or at peak exercise. Reproduced and modified from [17] with permission.
Denis E. O'Donnell et al. Eur Respir Rev 2016;25:
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