Automating Health & Reproductive Management of Cattle Magdalena Masello1, Martin Perez1, Yue Ren2, David Erickson2, Killian Weinberger3, Jerrie Gavalchin1, Daryl Nydam4, Julio Giordano1, Dairy Cattle Biology and Management Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, CALS1 Sibley School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering2 Computer Science Department, College of Information Science3 Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Science, College Veterinary Medicine4

Health Management Problem Solution 1 Effective health monitoring programs: Costly Time consuming Require qualified labor Subjective May affect cow performance & health Solution

Parameters measured Automating Health Monitoring & Management Cow behavioral, physiological, and productivity parameters Level/Parameter Sensor or Monitoring Frequency Units Rumination, eating time Accelerometer, Microphone continuous min/h Physical activity, steps walked Accelerometer arbitrary units/h Lying behavior (bouts and time) Body temperature Ruminal bolus °C Water intake L/X h Milk yield Milk meter each milking kg Milk conductivity mS/cm Body weight Walk-in scale Body condition score, weight change 3D-camera units (1 to 5) Cow features and parameters of performance (current and historical) Age Dairy management software once/lactation mo Parity number number Previous lactation DIM1, days to pregnancy, and days dry Previous milk, fat, and protein yield Health events type and number Reproductive events Season of calving cool vs warm Environmental and management factors Daily barn THI off the shelf loggers THI2 units Feeding time Feeding software daily time of day Stocking density Dairy management software cows/stall

Health Management Problem Solution 1 Effective health monitoring programs: Costly Time consuming Require qualified labor Subjective May affect cow performance & health Solution Improved prediction of events & performance Automated management Disease: diagnosis, prognosis. Reduce labor needs Treatment: type, selective, supportive therapy Reduce cow disruption Improve cow welfare Calving: timing, stillbirth, adjust mgt. Reduce inputs Profitability: biological/$$$ data driven decisions Simplified & Improved Decision-making & Daily Tasks

Reproductive hormones Problem Solution Reproductive Management Automated Synchronization of Ovulation TAI 16h 1 e-Synch 2 Electronic Reproductive and Ovarian Status Determination Increased complexity of timed AI protocols Compliance (timing + dosage) PAGs: no ovarian status ReproPhone Reproductive hormones Compliance P4 Intense/skilled labor Sample Cow welfare PAGs Vet. shortage Delay from sample collection to results

Improve Decision-Making & Future of Automated Monitoring & Management Improve Decision-Making & Simplify Daily Tasks Improve prediction of events & performance Disease – detection, type, treatment prognosis Estrus – semen type, success, supportive therapy Calving – timing, stillbirth, adjust management Profitability – economic data driven decisions Automated management Reduce labor needs Reduce cow disruption Improve cow welfare Reduce inputs 1-Improve understanding of sensed-data 2-Develop better and cheaper sensors and devices 3-Data INTEGRATION from multiple sources