DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENT 16-2 Essential Question: Discuss the effects of the Magna Carta on the English Bill of Rights and the Declaration of Independence

Enlightened Despots

Enlightened Despots A ruler who has absolute power Wants to use the power in a just and Enlightened way

Fredrick II of Prussia (present day Poland and Northern Germany) Fredrick the Great Ruled 1740-1786 Enlightened thinker---- “first servant of the state” Did not see people as equals Reforms made Religious tolerance Made legal system more just Allowed greater freedom of the press Improved education Outlawed torture Did NOT aid the serfs Did NOT help the Jew

Fredrick II of Prussia Video

JOSEPH II OF AUSTRIA Made reforms based on principles of equality Ruled from 1780-1790 Made reforms based on principles of equality Abolished serfdom Allowed freedom of the press Freedom of religion --- even for the Jews Outlawed torture Abolished the death penalty Nobles opposed the changes and many stopped after the death of Joseph

CATHERINE THE GREAT Ruled from 1762-1796 Enlightened ruler Governed based on Montesquieu’s ideas Encouraged scientific farming methods Developed Russia’s natural resources Opened hospitals Opened schools, one for girls and arts Planned to end serfdom, after revolt changed her mind Gave nobles absolute power over the serfs Video

DEMOCRACY IN AMERICA Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Edison Americans revolted against Great Britain and created a democracy based on Enlightenment ideas Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Edison Believed reason was the key to understanding both the natural and social orders of the world Promoted freedom of religion Used Enlightenment ideas about political rights and unjust rule to defend their opposition to British rule

AMERICAN ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS

Revolution “taxation without representation” Colonists were angry that they were being taxed without representation in parliament “taxation without representation”

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE July 4, 1776 The Declaration of Independence is based on the beliefs of John Locke Natural law and human rights --- “ all men are created equal” People have the right to change the government if the government is not protecting the people The declaration also lists the violations of the colonists rights by the king Builds on the principles of the Magna Carta

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

United States Constitution

United States Constitution Replaced the Articles of Confederation with a stronger federal government Based on Enlightenment ideas

1791 Bill of rights were added to protect the rights of the people Ensured freedoms of speech, religion and press Modeled after the English Bill of Rights of 1689

BILL OF RIGHTS

FRENCH REVOLUTION The American Revolution gave hope to the French Adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizen Protects the rights to liberty , property, security and resistance to oppression