Canned food notes… -We delivered cans last night to a food pantry near NFHS. We donated 3 rolling “trash” bins full of cans, and doubled the existing supply at the pantry. Thanks! -If finances prevent you from donating food items, you may still earn bonus points by helping with delivery. (See me for details.) -Bring your cans in a bag…you won’t get the bag back. -No more ramen, please! (Most food pantries do not stock it.)
Protein Practice 1) Arrange the cards on your desk to mimic the structure of an amino acid. 2) Using a loop of tape on the back of each card, arrange the cards on your body in the following way: Right hand: Carboxyl group Left hand: Amino group Front of shirt: R group (w/ a.a. name)
Protein Practice 3) Arrange yourself in the following linear order, starting at the window and moving toward the door: Gly-Cys-Gln-Thr-Ser-Pro-Trp-Phe-Val-Tyr-Asn-Cys-Glu-Asp-Leu-Ser-Val-His-Lys-Met 4) Create a secondary structure Beta-pleated sheet 5) WITHOUT breaking your peptide bonds, create tertiary structure by forming the following interactions: A) Disulfide bridge B) Ionic bonds C) Hydrophobic interactions
Protein Practice 3) Arrange yourself in the following linear order, starting at the window and moving toward the door: Cys-Pro-Trp-Val-Cys-Glu-Asp-Leu-Ser-Val-His-Lys 4) Create a secondary structure Beta-pleated sheet 5) WITHOUT breaking your peptide bonds, create tertiary structure by forming the following interactions: A) Disulfide bridge B) Ionic bonds C) Hydrophobic interactions
Information storage & transfer Nucleic Acids Information storage & transfer
Nucleic Acids Function: genetic material stores information genes blueprint for building proteins DNA RNA proteins transfers information blueprint for new cells blueprint for next generation DNA proteins
Nucleic Acids Examples: Structure: RNA (ribonucleic acid) single helix DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) double helix Structure: monomers = nucleotides DNA RNA
Nucleotides 3 parts nitrogen base (C-N ring) pentose sugar (5C) A, T, C, G (& U) pentose sugar (5C) ribose in RNA deoxyribose in DNA phosphate (PO4) group DNA & RNA are negatively charged: Don’t cross membranes. Contain DNA within nucleus Need help transporting mRNA across nuclear envelope. Also use this property in gel electrophoresis.
Types of nucleotides 2 types of nucleotides different nitrogen bases purines double ring N base adenine (A) guanine (G) pyrimidines single ring N base cytosine (C) thymine (T) uracil (U)
Pairing of nucleotides Nucleotides bond between DNA strands H bonds purine :: pyrimidine A :: T 2 H bonds G :: C 3 H bonds The 2 strands are complementary. One becomes the template of the other & each can be a template to recreate the whole molecule.
DNA molecule Double helix H bonds between bases join the 2 strands A :: T C :: G Break H bonds = “unzipping” for replication (copying DNA) for cell reproduction, gamete production, etc. H bonds = biology’s weak bond • easy to unzip double helix for replication and then re-zip for storage • easy to unzip to “read” gene and then re-zip for storage
DNA replication James Watson Francis Crick 1953 The greatest understatement in biology!
Interesting note…FRQ??? Ratio of A-T::G-C affects stability of DNA molecule 2 H bonds vs. 3 H bonds biotech procedures more G-C = need higher T° to separate strands high T° organisms many G-C At the foundation of biology is chemistry!!
Another interesting note… ATP Adenosine triphosphate modified nucleotide adenine (AMP) + Pi + Pi + +
Carbohydrates Structure / monomer Function Examples monosaccharide energy raw materials energy storage structural compounds Examples glucose, starch, cellulose, glycogen glycosidic bond
Lipids Structure / building block Function Examples glycerol, fatty acid, cholesterol, H-C chains Function energy storage membranes hormones Examples fat, phospholipids, steroids ester bond (in a fat)
Proteins Structure / monomer Function Examples amino acids levels of structure Function enzymes u defense transport u structure signals u receptors Examples digestive enzymes, membrane channels, insulin hormone, actin peptide bond
Nucleic acids Structure / monomer Function Examples nucleotide information storage & transfer Examples DNA, RNA