1. Nucleic Acids

2. Nucleic acids function as genetic material.
Information storage
Genes are recipes for building proteins.
DNA  RNA  proteins
Information transfer
Nucleic acids carry the instructions for making the new cells needed for growth, repair, and reproduction.

3. Storage
Transfer
DNA
RNA
proteins

4. Nucleic Acids Structure: Examples: monomers = nucleotides
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
double helix
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
single helix

6. Nucleotides 3 parts nitrogen base (C-N ring) pentose sugar (5C)
ribose in RNA
deoxyribose in DNA
phosphate (PO4) group
DNA & RNA are negatively charged:
Don’t cross membranes.
Contain DNA within nucleus
Need help transporting mRNA across nuclear envelope.
Also use this property in gel electrophoresis.

7. Nucleotide Monomers Form Polymers
DNA/RNA Backbone
Sugars bond to phosphates
Nitrogen bases hang off the sugar-phosphate backbone.

8. Pairing of DNA Nucleotides
Nucleotides hydrogen bond between DNA strands to form a “double helix.”
A = T (2 hydrogen bonds)
G Ξ C (3 hydrogen bonds)
The 2 strands are complementary.
One becomes the template of the other & each can be a template to recreate the whole molecule.

9. Macromolecule Review

10. Carbohydrates Structure / monomer Function Examples monosaccharide
energy
raw materials
energy storage
structural compounds
Examples
glucose, starch, cellulose, glycogen

11. Lipids Structure / building block Function Examples
glycerol, fatty acid, cholesterol, H-C chains
Function
energy storage
membranes
hormones
Examples
fat, phospholipids, steroids

12. Proteins Structure / monomer Function Examples amino acids
levels of structure
Function
enzymes u defense
transport u structure
signals u receptors
Examples
digestive enzymes, membrane channels, insulin hormone, actin

13. Nucleic acids Structure / monomer Function Examples nucleotide
information storage & transfer
Examples
DNA, RNA