7-3.3 Latin American Revolutions Vocabulary- COPY Peninsulares Creoles Mestizos Mulattos Simon Bolivar Miguel Hidalgo Toussaint L’Ouverture Jose De San Martin

Latin America Revolutions Standard: 7-3.3

1. Social Order Inspired by nationalism and the American and French Revolutions, Latin Americans formed their own movements for freedom. There were struggles among the social classes: At the top were the Peninsulares Next came the Creoles Next, and Largest, group was the Mestizos Lowest was the Mulattos All groups hated the Spanish and Portuguese rule.

2. Revolution in Haiti Inspired by the American and French Revolutions, a new revolution began on the French colony of Saint-Dominique. The people were ready for change! In 1791, 100,000 slaves revolted under the leadership of Toussaint L’Ouverture.

2. Revolution in Haiti cont. L’Ouverture freed all of the slaves. The French sent an army to fight them and reclaim French property. L’Ouverture was arrested and died in a French prison. Haiti declared its independence from France in 1804.

3. Social Uprisings Of all the social classes, the creoles led the majority of the independence movements. The ideas of the Enlightenment inspired the creoles, mestizos, and mulattoes to revolt against the peninsulares and the mother country.

4. Mexican Revolution In Mexico a priest, Father Miguel Hidalgo, led mestizos and Native Americans in a revolution against Spain. In 1810, Hidalgo’s uprising was defeated by the peninsulares. In 1823 Mexico finally won its independence and declared itself a republic.

5. South American Independence Simon Bolivar was a leading revolutionary in South America. He led revolts in Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, and Bolivia. He joined forces with Jose de San Martin, the liberator of Chile, to free Peru. By 1824 nearly all of South America had successfully revolted and won its independence. Temporarily, Bolivar united all of these countries as Gran Colombia.