fCAT 2.0 Cell Review Mr. Perez

First scientist to call a cell a “cell” Cell theory Robert Hooke First scientist to call a cell a “cell” The cell theory consists of THREE parts: ALL living things are made of cells. All cells come from pre- existing cells. Cells are the basic unit of life.

Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Animal Plant

Eukaryotic vs. prokaryotic Prokaryotic cells do NOT contain a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. -Ex. Bacteria Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. -Ex. Heart cell

Eukaryotic cells Plant and animal cells are examples of eukaryotic cells. Plant and animal cells differ in many ways…such as which organelles are found in each cell.

Plant vs. Animal cells Organelle Plant or Animal Function Cell wall Plant Gives cell structure and support; controls what comes in and out Cell membrane Both Controls what comes in and out of the cell Nucleus Stores DNA and controls the cell’s functions Cytoplasm Jelly-like fluid found in all cells Chloroplast Perform photosynthesis for the cell (makes glucose) Mitochondria Perform cellular respiration for the cell (makes energy) Vacuole One large one in plants; many smaller ones or none in animals Water storage. Provides structure for plant cells.

Plant vs. Animal Cells Produce proteins Organelle Plant or Animal Function Ribosome Both Produce proteins Golgi apparatus Prepares substances (proteins and lipids) to be transported within the cell Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough) Moves materials throughout the cell, such as proteins. Smooth ER has no ribosomes attached. Rough ER has ribosomes attached. Lysosome Animal Breaks down cell waste Centriole Help the cell with mitosis (cell division)

Organization of life Since cells are the basic unit of life, all organism's hierarchy begin at the cell. Example of organization: Cell: Cheek cell Tissue: Muscle tissue Organ: Heart System: Nervous system Organism: Bird

Organization of life Cells work together to maintain homeostasis Homeostasis is the cell’s or body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment

Practice Question 1. Cellular respiration takes place in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. This diagram shows different parts of a eukaryotic cell. In which part of the cell does cellular respiration take place? A. cell membrane B. mitochondria C. nucleus D. ribosomes

Practice Question 2. In multicellular organisms, cells form tissues. In turn, tissues form organs, and organs form organ systems. What is an important job of ALL of these tissues, organs, and organ systems? A. to maintain homeostasis B. to make sugars for energy C. to transport nutrients in the body D. to take in nutrients and eliminate waste

Practice Question 3. Some organisms have one cell. Other organisms have multiple cells. Which of the following is a characteristic of cells in a multicellular organism? A. All cells have the same function B. Every cell has a different function C. Different kinds of cells have the same function D. Different kinds of cells have different functions