How Europe was broken at the conclusion of the Great War.

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Presentation transcript:

How Europe was broken at the conclusion of the Great War. Results of World War I How Europe was broken at the conclusion of the Great War.

The End of W.W.I 1. After the Battle of 2nd Marne & the events depicted in The Lost Battalion, Germany called for an armistice, or truce, w/ the Allies in November 1918. While the fighting was over, deciding on a peace treaty would be more difficult. Allied leaders each wanted something different. France wanted to cripple Germany. Britain wanted to punish Germany lightly. Wilson & the U.S. wanted world peace, democracy, & harmony among all nations.

The End of W.W.I 2. By June 1919, the Allies had the peace settlement called the Treaty of Versailles. This treaty was more like what France wanted & would leave Germany bitter & angry after the war. The features of the treaty is what left Germany humiliated & vengeful. Reparations of $132 Billion. Accept blame for WWI. Give up all conquered lands. Limit the size of its military. Regardless, 5 years, 9.5 million dead, & 22 million wounded, the War to end all Wars was over.

Results of W.W.I At the end of the War to End All Wars, numerous changes emerged in the diplomatic, political, economic, & cultural spheres. These changes would permanently make the break from the old European order to truly Modern Day events. Must like with the French Revolution, too much change in too short of a time can lead to disastrous results, i.e. the Second World War. Some of these results were…

Diplomatic Results 1. Creation of the League of Nations: Uphold human rights. Encourage disarmament. Negotiation/diplomacy to settle conflicts. Pass sanctions (fines) on aggressive nations. Represented a radical shift from fighting to talking.

Diplomatic Results Problems: Allied Powers were scared of another war & ignored decisions. They lacked the money as well as the desire to stand up to aggressors. Could not enforce decisions w/o the Allied Powers. Did not include U.S.A., Germany, or Russia. What, if at all, could the League actually do to maintain peace? How effective do you think it was?

Diplomatic Results 2. Signing of Hague Convention & Geneva Protocol: Creation of the 1st Rules of War.

Diplomatic Results Hague Convention: Geneva Protocol: Outlaws cruel/unusual punishment of POW’s. Guaranteed POW’s access to the Red Cross. Geneva Protocol: Outlawed use of Chemical/Biological Weapons.

Political Results 1. Defeated nations were forced to become democracies. The people of Germany disliked democracy: They lacked democratic traditions. Forced people into an unwanted union & tolerance. Saw democracy as ineffective, they wanted one-man rule. How stable & effective do you think these democracies were?

Political Results 2. Growth of Radical Groups. Radical groups grew due to ineffective democratic GOV’s. These groups claimed they could provide peace, prosperity, & security. These groups wanted to overthrow democratic GOV’s. These groups included Nazis in Germany & Communists in Russia.

Economic Results 1. Setup for the Great Depression in the 1930’s. Economies remained weak w/ huge debt, few resources, & unemployment. The Great War consumed most of the money, raw materials, & workers. Weak economies gave Radical groups more popularity & power in Europe.

Cultural Results 1. The old Europe was shattered after World War I. People no longer happily marched off to war naïve & ignorant. A “Lost Generation” of young men filled Europe w/ pessimism.

Cultural Results 1. The old Europe was shattered after World War I. People no longer happily marched off to war naïve & ignorant. A “Lost Generation” of young men filled Europe w/ pessimism. Thought war was best avoided at any cost. Any problem with this belief?